Subsequent positions

Xenambulacraria ([unranked]) Bourlat, Juliusdottir, Lowe, Freeman, Aronowicz, Kirschner, Lander, Thorndyke, Nakano, Kohn, Heyland, Moroz, Copley & Telford, 2006

Ref: S.J. Bourlat et al., 2006: 87.

Current position

Xenacoelomorpha ([unranked]) Philippe, Brinkmann, Copley, Moroz, Nakano, Poustka, Wallberg, Peterson & Telford 2011

Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c). [inferred rank]

Alternative positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 7.
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
Deuterostomia (Branch) Grobben, 1908	Ref: S.J. Bourlat et al., 2006: 87. [implicit]
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 280.
Metazoa (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
Xenambulacraria ([unranked]) Bourlat, Juliusdottir, Lowe, Freeman, Aronowicz, Kirschner, Lander, Thorndyke, Nakano, Kohn, Heyland, Moroz, Copley & Telford, 2006	Ref: S.J. Bourlat et al., 2006: 87. [new position]

Historical positions

Xenacoelomorpha ([unranked]) Philippe, Brinkmann, Copley, Moroz, Nakano, Poustka, Wallberg, Peterson & Telford 2011	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1c). [inferred rank]
Bilateria ([unranked]) Hatschek, 1888	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 7.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 9.
Deuterostomia ([unranked]) Grobben, 1908	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 280.
Xenambulacraria ([unranked]) Bourlat, Juliusdottir, Lowe, Freeman, Aronowicz, Kirschner, Lander, Thorndyke, Nakano, Kohn, Heyland, Moroz, Copley & Telford, 2006	Ref: S.J. Bourlat et al., 2006: 87, fig. 1. [new position]
Metazoa (Subkingdom) Haeckel, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.

Number of Subtaxa

1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	1f;1g;2s
2013	Z.-Q. Zhang: 7	2s; †0s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 9	2s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 9	2s