Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Plantae - (Phylum) Tracheophyta

Phylogeny

Node-based clade		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19 ("node-based with external qualifier").
Crown clade		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19. [inferred]
Reference phylogeny [PhyloCode]		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19 ("Bowe & al. (2000: Fig. 3A). See also Chaw & al. (2000), Magallón & Sanderson (2002), Rydin & al. (2002), and Soltis & al. (2002).").

Defined by the most recent common ancestor (and all its descendants) of

Cycas circinalis L. (1753)		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19.
Ginkgo biloba L. (1771)		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19.
Gnetum gnemon L. (1767)		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19.
Pinus sylvestris L. (1753)		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19.

Qualified by excluded taxon

Magnolia virginiana L. (1753)

Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19.

Original position

Questionably Spermatophyta (Clade) Britton & Brown 1896 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.

Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: fig. 1.

Original entries

Ginkgo (Genus) L. (1771)		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19 ("ginkgo"), fig. 1.
Pan-Coniferae (Clade) Cantino, Donoghue & Doyle 2007, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19 ("conifers"), fig. 1. [implicit]
Pan-Cycadophyta (Clade) Cantino & Donoghue 2007		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19 ("cycads"), fig. 1. [implicit]
Pan-Gnetophyta (Clade) Doyle, Donoghue & Cantino 2007, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19 ("gnetophytes"), fig. 1. [implicit]

Current position

Spermatophyta (Clade) Britton & Brown 1896 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.

Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19. [new taxon]

Historical positions

Spermatophyta (Clade) Britton & Brown 1896 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.

Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: E19, table 1 (p. [E]5), fig. 1. [new taxon]