Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata

Phylogeny

Polyphyletic (poly)

Ref: J.P. Downs, 2020: 676 ("A contemporary view ... regards "acanthodians" as a polyphylum") (Brazeau, 2009). [implicit]

Current position

Eugnathostomata ([unranked])

Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 96, fig. (p. 96); Chevrinais et al., 2017: fig. 6. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Gnathostomata (Infraphylum) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434.
Gnathostomata (Superclass) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: R. van der Laan, 2018: 32.
Pan-Osteichthyes (Clade) Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 96; [Moore & Near, 2020: [681]]. [indirect]
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L.B. Halstead, 1974: 171.
Teleostomi (Grade) Bonaparte, 1836	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 96; Nelson et al., 2016: figs. (pp. 14, 96).
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 601. [implicit]

Historical positions

Gnathostomata (Superclass) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: R. van der Laan, 2018: 32.
Teleostomi (Grade) Bonaparte, 1836	Ref: J.S. Nelson et al., 2016: 96-98, figs. (pp. 14, 96).
Gnathostomata (Infraphylum) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434; [box 3.7 (p. 74)].
Teleostomi (Grade) Bonaparte, 1836	Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 17, 82, 83-85, fig. (p. 20).
Gnathostomata (Infraphylum) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 391, fig. 3.12.
Chordata ([unranked]) Bateson, 1885	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305.
Pisces ([unranked])	Ref: 1998
Pisces ([unranked])	Ref: 1995
Teleostomi ([unranked]) Bonaparte, 1836	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 601; 85-89. [implicit]
Gnathostomata (Superclass) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L.B. Halstead, 1974: 171.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	†4o;19f;61g;10s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 23 Apr 2024	[; †4o;19f]
2018	R. van der Laan: 34	[; †4o;18f]
2016	J.S. Nelson et al.: 101	[; †4o;12f]
1988	R.L. Carroll: 601	[; †3o;5f]