Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Plantae - (Phylum) Tracheophyta

Current position

Pan-Gnetophyta (Clade) Doyle, Donoghue & Cantino 2007 [Doyle, Donoghue & Cantino 2020]

Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 34); Donoghue et al., 2020: [265]. [indirect]

Alternative positions

Gnetophyta (Phylum) Bessey (1907)	Ref: A.B. Doweld, 2001: XVIII.
Gnetophyta (Division) Bessey (1907)	Ref: Новіков, А. & Барабаш-Красни, Б. / Novikoff, A. & Barabasz-Krasny, B., 2015: 59.
Gymnospermae (Infraphylum) auct.	[indirect]
Gymnospermae (Superclass)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 34).
Gymnospermae ([unranked]) Lindl.	[indirect]
Pinophyta (Phylum) Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)
Spermatophytina (Subphylum) Caval.-Sm. (1998)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 34); Rothwell & Stockey, 2016: fig. 28. [implicit]

Historical positions

Gymnospermae (Superclass)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 34).
Gnetophyta (Division) Bessey (1907)	Ref: A. Novikoff & B. Barabasz-Krasny, 2015: 59.
Gnetophyta (Phylum) Bessey (1907)	Ref: A.B. Doweld, 2001: XVIII.
Gymnospermae (Division)	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1979-1984
Gymnospermae (Subdivision)	Ref: D.M. Moore, 1982: 8.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	3o;3f;3g;12s;2ss; †24g;2s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 5 May 2023	[3o;3f;3g; †24g]
2015b	M.A. Ruggiero et al.: table 2 (p. 34)	[1o]
2015	A. Novikoff & B. Barabasz-Krasny: 60	[3o;3f;3g; †24g]
2001	A.B. Doweld: XVIII	[1o;1f]