Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Mammalia

Phylogeny

Total clade		Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 102: "Total clade").
Branch-based clade		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 248 ("Stem-based").
Reference phylogeny [PhyloCode]		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: fig. 1. [implicit]

Defined by included taxon (and all taxa more closely related to it than to the excluded taxon)

Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 248.
Phataginus tricuspis (Rafinesque, 1821)		Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 248.

Defined by excluded taxon

†Patriomanis americana Emry, 1970

Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 248.

Current position

Manoidea (Clade) Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009

Ref: T.J. Gaudin et al., 2009: 248.

Alternative positions

Pholidotamorpha (Clade) Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009

Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 102). [implicit]

Historical positions

Pholidotamorpha (Clade) Gaudin, Emry & Wible 2009

Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 102). [implicit]