Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Porifera - (Class) Demospongiae

Current position

Keratosa (Subclass) Grant, 1861

Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).

Alternative positions

Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.K. Rigby, 2004a: 2.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).

Historical positions

Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36).
Keratosa (Subclass) Grant, 1861	Ref: P. Cárdenas et al., 2012: table 2.11 (p. 174).
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper et al., 2011: 15.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: J.K. Rigby, 2004a: 2.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest, 2002: 1067.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: R.W.M. van Soest, 2001: 100.
Ceractinomorpha (Subclass) Lévi, 1953	Ref: W.D. Hartman, 1982: 648.
Demospongiae (Class) Sollas, 1885	Ref: I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt et al., 1975 (1971): 590.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	2f;8g;4s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 31 Jan 2015	[2f;8g]
	R.W.M. van Soest et al.: [31 Jan 2015]	[2f;8g]
2011	J.N.A. Hooper et al.: 15	2f
2004a	J.K. Rigby: 2	†0g
2002	J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. van Soest	[2f]
1982	W.D. Hartman	3f