Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Class Amphibia Gray, 1825
Infraclass Lissamphibia Haeckel, 1866
Batrachia Latreille, 1800
Order Anura Fischer von Waldheim, 1813
Lalagobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Sokolanura D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Acosmanura Savage, 1973
Neobatrachia Reig, 1958
Phthanobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Hyloides D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Notogaeanura Frost et al., 2006
Nobleobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Meridianura D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Athesphatanura D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Leptodactyliformes D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Chthonobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Hesticobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Agastorophrynia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Family Bufonidae Gray, 1825
Genus Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961
01 Melanophryniscus admirabilis Di-Bernardo, Maneyro & Grillo, 2006
02 Melanophryniscus alipioi Langone, Segalla, Bornschein & de Sá, 2008
03 Melanophryniscus atroluteus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
04 Melanophryniscus cambaraensis Braun & Braun, 1979
05 Melanophryniscus cupreuscapularis Céspedez & Alvarez, 2000
06 Melanophryniscus devincenzii Klappenbach, 1968
07 Melanophryniscus dorsalis (Mertens, 1933)
08 Melanophryniscus estebani Céspedez, 2008
09 Melanophryniscus fulvoguttatus (Mertens, 1937)
10 Melanophryniscus klappenbachi Prigioni & Langone, 2000
11 Melanophryniscus krauczuki Baldo & Basso, 2004
12 Melanophryniscus langonei Maneyro, Naya & Baldo, 2008
13 Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus Braun, 1973
14 Melanophryniscus montevidensis (Philippi, 1902)
15 Melanophryniscus moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
16 Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai Prigioni & Langone, 1987
17 Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
18 Melanophryniscus paraguayensis Céspedez & Motte, 2007
19 Melanophryniscus rubriventris (Vellard, 1947)
20 Melanophryniscus sanmartini Klappenbach, 1968
21 Melanophryniscus simplex Caramaschi & Cruz, 2002
22 Melanophryniscus spectabilis Caramaschi & Cruz, 2002
23 Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875)
24 Melanophryniscus tumifrons (Boulenger, 1905)
25 Melanophryniscus vilavelhensis Steinbach-Padilha, 2008