vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
   euphyllophytes see Clade Euphyllophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
     monilophytes - ferns see Clade Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
       Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) - ferns
         core leptosporangiates
           Order Polypodiales Link (1833) - cathetogyrates
             1 ?Family Lindsaeaceae C.Presl ex M.R.Schomb. (1848) - lindsaeoids
             2 Family Saccolomataceae Doweld (2008)
             3.1 Family Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy (1909) - dennstaedtioids
             3.2 Family Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. (1831) - pteroids
             3.3 eupolypods