Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
[crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
Clade Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
Clade Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
Clade Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
Clade Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
Clade Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
[crown] Clade Archosauriaᵀ Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
Clade Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dracohorsᵀ Cau 2018
Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
Clade Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Averostraᵀ Paul 2002
Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
Clade Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
[crown] Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Subcohort Galloanserae Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe Jr., 1988 [monotypic]
Superorder Galloanserimorphaeᵀ Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe Jr., 1988
Order Anseriformes Wagler, 1831 - waterfowl and screamers
Suborder Anseresᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - waterfowl
Superfamily Anatoidea Vigors, 1825
Family Anatidaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - ducks, geese, swans
Subfamily Anatinaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - pond ducks
Genus Anasᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - Pacific black duck
‡Anas theodori (Newton & Gadow, 1893) - Mauritian duck
01 Anas capensis Gmelin, 1789 - Cape teal
02 Anas strepera Linnaeus, 1758 - gadwall
03 Anas falcata Georgi, 1775 - falcated teal
04 Anas sibilatrix Poeppig, 1829 - Chiloe wigeon
05 Anas penelope Linnaeus, 1758 - Eurasian wigeon
06 Anas americana Gmelin, 1789 - American wigeon
07 ‡Anas marecula Olson & Jouventin, 1996 - Amsterdam Island duck
08 Anas sparsa Eyton, 1838 - African black duck
09 Anas rubripes Brewster, 1902 - American black duck
10 Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 - mallard
11 Anas fulvigula Ridgway, 1874 - mottled duck
12.1 Anas wyvilliana Sclater, 1878 - Hawaiian duck
12.2 Anas laysanensis Rothschild, 1892 - Laysan duck
13 Anas luzonica Fraser, 1839 - Philippine duck
14 Anas superciliosa Gmelin, 1789 - Pacific black duck
15 Anas poecilorhyncha Forster, 1781 - spot-billed duck
16 Anas undulata Dubois, 1839 - yellow-billed duck
17 Anas melleri Sclater, 1865 - Meller's duck
18 Anas discors Linnaeus, 1766 - blue-winged teal
19 Anas cyanoptera Vieillot, 1816 - cinnamon teal
20 Anas smithii (Hartert, 1891) - Cape shoveler
21 Anas platalea Vieillot, 1816 - red shoveler
22 Anas rhynchotis Latham, 1802 - Australasian shoveler
23 Anas clypeata Linnaeus, 1758 - northern shoveler
24 Anas bernieri (Hartlaub, 1860) - Madagascan teal
25 Anas gibberifrons Müller, 1842 - Sunda teal
26 Anas gracilis Buller, 1869 - grey teal
27 Anas castanea (Eyton, 1838) - chestnut-breasted teal
28.1 Anas chlorotis Gray, 1845 - brown teal
28.2 Anas aucklandica (Gray, 1844) - Auckland Islands teal
28.3 Anas nesiotis (Fleming, 1935) - Campbell Island teal
29 Anas bahamensis Linnaeus, 1758 - white-cheeked pintail
30 Anas erythrorhyncha Gmelin, 1789 - red-billed duck
31 Anas flavirostris Vieillot, 1816 - speckled teal
32 Anas georgica Gmelin, 1789 - yellow-billed pintail
33.1 Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758 - northern pintail
33.2 Anas eatoni (Sharpe, 1875) - Kerguelen pintail
34 Anas querquedula Linnaeus, 1758 - garganey
35 Anas formosa Georgi, 1775 - Baikal teal
36 Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758 - common teal
37 Anas versicolor Vieillot, 1816 - silver teal
38 Anas hottentota (Eyton, 1838) - Hottentot teal