Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier et al. 1989]
Clade Therapsida Broom, 1905
Clade Theriodontia
Clade Eutheriodontia
Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
Clade Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
Clade Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988
Clade Mammaliaformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
Clade Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
[crown] Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
Clade Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Clade Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
[crown] Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
[crown] Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
[crown] Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
[crown] Superorder Laurasiatheria Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
[crown] Clade Scrotifera Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999
Order Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779 [coordinate rank] - bats
Suborder Pteropodiformes
Superfamily Pteropodoideaᵀ Gray, 1821 [monotypic]
Family Pteropodidaeᵀ Gray, 1821 - Old World fruit bats
Subfamily Pteropodinaeᵀ Gray, 1821
Tribe Pteropodiniᵀ Gray, 1821
Subtribe Pteropodinaᵀ Gray, 1821
Genus Pteropusᵀ Brisson, 1762 - flying foxes
[Pteropus medius Temminck, 1825]
01 Pteropus subniger species group
01.4.0 [Pteropus balutus]
see Pteropus pumilus Miller, 1911
01.4.0 [Pteropus tablasi]
see Pteropus pumilus Miller, 1911
02 Pteropus mariannus species group
03 Pteropus caniceps species group [monotypic]
04 Pteropus niger species group
04.4.0 [Pteropus rufus Tiedemann, 1808, nom. illeg.]
see Pteropus niger (Kerr, 1792)
05 Pteropus melanotus species group [monotypic]
05.1.0 [Pteropus satyrus K. Andersen, 1908]
see Pteropus melanotus Blyth, 1863
06.1 Pteropus melanopogon species group
06.2 Pteropus livingstonii species group [monotypic]
06.2.1.0 ["Pteropus livingstonei" Gray, 1866]
see Pteropus livingstonii Gray, 1866
07 Pteropus chrysoproctus species group
07.0 ["Pteropus chryoproctus species group"]
see Pteropus chrysoproctus species group
08 Pteropus molossinus species group
09 Pteropus samoensis species group
10 Pteropus pselaphon species group
10.2.2 [Pteropus phaeocephalus Thomas, 1881[1882] - Mortlock fruit bat]
see Pteropus insularis phaeocephalus Thomas, 1882
10.7.0 [Pteropus sanctacrucis Troughton, 1930]
see Pteropus nitendiensis Sanborn, 1930
10.7.0 ["Pteropus santacrucis"]
see Pteropus sanctacrucis Troughton, 1930
11 Pteropus personatus species group
11.1.1.0 ["Pteropus temmincki" Peters, 1867 - Temminck's flying fox]
see Pteropus temminckii Peters, 1867
12 Pteropus vampyrus species group
13 Pteropus alecto species group
14 Pteropus conspicillatus species group
15 Pteropus neohibernicus species group [monotypic]
15.1.0 [Pteropus sepikensis]
see Pteropus neohibernicus Peters, 1876
16 Pteropus poliocephalus species group
17 Pteropus scapulatus species group
17.4.0 ["Pteropus gilliardi" Van Deusen, 1969 - Gilliard's flying fox]
see Pteropus gilliardorum Van Deusen, 1969