Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Pan-Sarcopterygii
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Clade Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson, 2006
Clade Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901 [Cloutier & Ahlberg 1996]
Clade Eotetrapodiformes Coates & Friedman, 2010
[crown] Clade Elpistostegalia Camp & Allison, 1961
Clade Stegocephali Cope 1868 [Laurin 2020]
Clade Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859 [Laurin 2020]
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Laurin 2020]
Clade Pan-Amniota Rowe 2004 [Laurin & Smithson 2020]
Clade Batrachosauria
Clade Amniota Haeckel 1866 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
[crown] Clade Therapsida Broom 1905 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Theriodontia Owen, 1876
Clade Eutheriodontia
Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
Clade Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
Clade Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Mammaliaformes Rowe 1988 [Rowe 2020]
Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
Clade Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
Clade Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Clade Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
Superorder Euarchontoglires Murphy, Stanyon & O'Brien, 2001
Grandorder Euarchonta Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
Order Primates Linnaeus, 1758 - primates
Clade Euprimates
Suborder Haplorhini Pocock, 1918
Infraorder Simiiformes Haeckel, 1866
Parvorder Catarrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
Superfamily Hominoidea Gray, 1825
Family Hominidaeᵀ Gray, 1825
Subfamily Homininaeᵀ Gray, 1825
Tribe Homininiᵀ Gray, 1825
Subtribe Homininaᵀ Gray, 1825
Genus Homoᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - people
?[Homo caudatus hirsutus]
see Homo lucifer Linnaeus, 1766
[†Homo kanamensis L. Leakey, 1935]
see Homo sapiens rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921
?[Homo lucifer Linnaeus, 1766]
[†Homo orientalis]
[†Homo primigenius]
-1 [Homo lar C. Linnaeus, 1771]
see Hylobates lar (C. Linnaeus, 1771)
-2 [†Homo antiquus Ferguson, 1984]
see Praeanthropus afarensis (Johanson et al., 1978)
-3 [†Homo aethiopicus Olson, 1985]
see Paranthropus aethiopicus (Olson, 1985)
1.1 †Homo habilis Leakey et al., 1964
1.1.0 [Homo microcranous Ferguson, 1995]
see Homo habilis Leakey et al., 1964
1.2.1 †Homo rudolfensis (Alexeev, 1986)
1.2.2 †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1894) [paraphyletic]
1.2.2.0 [†Homo leakeyi Heberer, 1963]
see Homo erectus (Dubois, 1894)
1.2.2.0 [†Homo louisleakeyi Kretzoi, 1984]
see Homo erectus (Dubois, 1894)
1.2.2.0 [†Homo modjokertensis von Koenigswald, 1936]
see Homo erectus (Dubois, 1894)
1.2.2.1 [†Homo georgicus Gabunia et al., 2002]
see Homo erectus (Dubois, 1894)
1.2.2.2 [†Homo ergaster Groves & Mazak, 1975]
see Homo erectus (Dubois, 1894)
1.2.2.n.1.1 †Homo antecessor Bermúdez de Castro et al., 1997
1.2.2.n.1.2.1 Homo sapiensᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - human
1.2.2.n.1.2.1.0 ["Homo diurnus" Linnaeus, 1758]
see Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758
1.2.2.n.1.2.1.0 ["Homo nocturnus" Linnaeus, 1758]
see Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758
1.2.2.n.1.2.1.0 [Homo troglodytes C. Linnaeus, 1758, nom. oblit. - night man]
see Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.1 †Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 - Heidelberg man
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.1.0 [†Homo cepranensis F. Mallegni et al., 2003]
see Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.1.0 [†Homo helmei Dreyer, 1935]
see Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.1.0 [†Homo njarasensis (Weinert, 1938)]
see Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.1.0 [†Homo rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921]
see Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.2.1 †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 - Neanderthal man
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.2.1.0 [†"Homo neandertalensis"]
see Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864
1.2.2.n.1.2.2.2.2 Population †"Denisovans" Reich et al., 2010
1.2.2.n.2 †Homo naledi Berger, Hawks, de Ruiter, Churchill, Schmid, Delezene, Kivell, Garvin, Williams, DeSilva, Skinner, Musiba, Cameron, Holliday, Harcourt-Smith, Ackermann, Bastir, Bogin, Bolter, Brophy, Cofran, Congdon, Deane, Dembo, Drapeau, Elliott et al., 2015
2 †Homo floresiensis P. Brown et al., 2004, nom. inq. - Flores man
3? †Homo luzonensis Détroit, Mijares, Corny, Daver, Zanolli, Dizon, Robles, Grün & Piper, 2019
a "history" (human)