Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier et al. 1989]
Clade Therapsida Broom, 1905
Clade Theriodontia
Clade Eutheriodontia
Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
Clade Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
Clade Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988
Clade Mammaliaformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
Clade Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
[crown] Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
Clade Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Clade Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
[crown] Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
[crown] Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
[crown] Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
[crown] Superorder Laurasiatheria Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
[crown] Clade Scrotifera Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999
[crown] Clade Fereuungulata Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999
[crown] Grandorder Euungulata Waddell, Kishino & Ota, 2001
Order Cetartiodactyla Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery, 1997
Suborder Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777
Infraorder Pecora Linnaeus, 1758
Superfamily Bovoidea Gray, 1821
Family Bovidaeᵀ Gray, 1821 - antelope, cattle, bison, buffalo, goats, and sheep
Subfamily Caprinae Gray, 1821
Tribe Capriniᵀ Gray, 1821
01 Genus †Sinopalaeoceros Chen, 1988
02 Genus †Oioceros Gaillard, 1902
03 Genus †Pachytragus Schlosser, 1904
04 Genus †Turcocerus Köhler, 1987
05 Genus †Benicerus Heintz, 1973
06 Genus †Caprotragoides Thenius, 1979
07 Genus †Tethytragus Azanza & Morales, 1994
08 Genus †Gentrytragus Azanza & Morales, 1994
09 Genus †Tossunnoria Bohlin, 1937
10 Genus †Protoryx Forsyth Major, 1891
11 Genus †Norbertia Köhler, Moya-Sola & Morales, 1995
12 Genus †Sinocapra Chen, 1991
13 Genus †Mesembriacerus Bouvrain, 1975
14 Genus †Pseudotragus Schlosser, 1904
15 Genus Capraᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - goats
16 Genus †Sporadotragus Kretzoi, 1968
17 Genus †Sinotragus Bohlin, 1935
18 Genus †Neotragocerus Matthew & Cook, 1909
19 Genus †Parapseudotragus Sokolov, 1961
20 Genus †Olonbulukia Bohlin, 1937
21 Genus †Prosinotragus Bohlin, 1935
22 Genus †Paraprotoryx Bohlin, 1935
23 Genus †Procamptoceras Schaub, 1923
24.1 Genus Ovis Linnaeus, 1758 - sheep
24.2 Genus Nilgiritragus Ropiquet & Hassanin, 2005
25.1 Genus Hemitragus Hodgson, 1841 - tahrs
25.2 Genus Arabitragus Ropiquet & Hassanin, 2005
26 Genus †Numidocapra Arambourg, 1949
27 Genus †Sivacapra Pilgrim, 1939
28 Genus Ammotragus Blyth, 1840 - aoudad
29 Genus Rupicapra Blainville, 1816 - chamois
30 Genus Oreamnos Rafinesque, 1817 - mountain goat
31 Genus Pseudois Hodgson, 1846 - bharals