Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
[crown] Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
Phylum Charophytaᵀ Migula (1889) [monotypic]
[Class Conjugatophyceae Engl. (1892), sedis mutabilis]
see Class Zygnematophyceae Round ex Guiry (2013)
01 Genus †Baccinellula Weyland (1963), incertae sedis
02 Genus †Closterimopsis L.M. Yin & Z.P. Li (1978), incertae sedis
03 Genus †Desmidopsis L.M. Yin & Z.P. Li (1978), incertae sedis
04 Genus †Paleospiralis incertae sedis
05 Genus †Spirogyrites Shukla (1950), incertae sedis
06 Genus †Stenixys T.M.Harris (1938), incertae sedis
07 Genus Astrocosmium Stockmayer (1888), incertae sedis
08 Genus Didymidium P.F. Reinsch (1867), incertae sedis
09 Genus Phycastrum Kützing ex Kützing (1849), incertae sedis
10 Genus Phycoleda Itzigs. (1854), incertae sedis
11 Genus Polysolenia C.G. Ehrenberg ex F.T. Kützing (1849), incertae sedis
12 Genus Schizospora P.F. Reinsch, 1874-1875, incertae sedis
13 Order Zygnematales [paraphyletic] - filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids
13.n Order Desmidiales - placoderm desmids