Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210
actualia - actual entities
Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]
Mundus Plinius - physical world
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.
naturalia - natural bodies
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48)
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 30 [implicit position]
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 16
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 82
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 86
[Clade] Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 17 [inferred rank]
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 462 [implicit position]
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 465
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 466
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: D.R. Frost et al., 2006: fig. 51 [out of scope] [indirect position]
[crown] [Clade] Neotetrapoda
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436 [inferred rank] [implicit position]
[Clade] Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank] [implicit position]
Batrachosauria
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 4.5 [implicit position]
[crown] [Clade] Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank]
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [implicit position]
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [inferred rank]
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Ref: R.V. Hill, 2005: fig. 5
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
Ref: J.A. Gauthier & K. de Queiroz, 2020: [1033] [validation] [indirect position]
[crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: box 5.1 (p. 124) [implicit position]; Benton et al., 2015: 52.
Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
Ref: RegNum, 2020-present: [29 Jul 2023] [nominal taxon] [indirect position]; Joyce et al., 2021: fig. 1b; Benton, 2015: box 5.1 (p. 124).
[crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
Ref: RegNum, 2020-present: [27 Jul 2023] [nominal taxon] [indirect position]; Joyce et al., 2021: 7, fig. 1b; Simões et al., 2022: fig. 1.
Clade Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
Ref: J.A. Gauthier, 2020: [1175] [new taxon] [indirect position]; Joyce et al., 2021: fig. 1b.
Clade Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
Ref: J.A. Gauthier, 2020: [1179]
Clade Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
Ref: Ezcurra, 2016: 284 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Ezcurra, 2016: fig. 57; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.
Clade Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4
Clade Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 192 [implicit position]; Nesbitt, 2011: fig. 51.
[crown] Clade Archosauriaᵀ Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
Ref: J.A. Gauthier & K. Padian, 2020: [1187] [validation] [indirect position]; Nesbitt, 2011: fig. 51.
Clade Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.
Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.
Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.
Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Ref: M.D. Ezcurra et al., 2020: Methods (p. [1]) [validation]
Clade Dracohorsᵀ Cau 2018
Ref: A. Cau, 2018: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cau, 2018: fig. 3.
Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: M.C. Langer et al., 2020: [1209] [validation] [indirect position]; Ezcurra et al., 2020: ext. data fig. 4.
Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
Ref: J.A. Gauthier et al., 2020: [1219]; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.
Clade Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
Ref: F.E. Novas et al., 2021: 12; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.
Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: D. Naish et al., 2020: [1235] [indirect position]; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.
Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Ref: F.E. Novas et al., 2021: 3; Novas et al., 2021: fig. 1.
Clade Averostraᵀ Paul 2002
Ref: R.N. Martínez & C. Apaldetti, 2017: 502 (fig. 11)
Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 3 (fig. 1)
Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 11 (fig. 4)
Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 11 (fig. 4)
Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 3 (fig. 1)
Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: fig. S.2
Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: fig. S.2
Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 13 (fig. 5)
Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 13 (fig. 5)
Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 13 (fig. 5)
Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: 3 (fig. 1)
Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 51) [indirect position]
Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Ref: J.K. O'Connor et al., 2010: fig. 9 [implicit position]
Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
Ref: J.K. O'Connor et al., 2010: fig. 9
Clade Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
Ref: K. Padian, 2004: fig. 11.8
Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Ref: K. Padian, 2004: fig. 11.8
Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
Ref: K. Padian, 2004: fig. 11.8
[crown] Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Ref: K. Padian, 2004: 225 [implicit position]
Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 89 [implicit position]
Subcohort Galloanserae Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe Jr., 1988 [monotypic]
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 89
Superorder Galloanserimorphaeᵀ Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe Jr., 1988
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 89
Order Anseriformes Wagler, 1831 - waterfowl and screamers
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90
Suborder Anseresᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - waterfowl
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90
Superfamily Anatoidea Vigors, 1825
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90
Family Anatidaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - ducks, geese, swans
Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90
Subfamily †Paranyrocinae Miller & Compton, 1939 [monotypic]
Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1964: 229
1 Genus †Paranyrocaᵀ Miller & Compton, 1939
Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1964: 229