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Taxon: Division Terrestrornithes B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007 (bird)
Classification by:

Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     [crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       [crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             Myopterygii - myopterygians
                                               Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                 Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
                                                   Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
                                                     Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
                                                       [crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
                                                         Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
                                                           Clade Osteolepidimorpha
                                                             Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
                                                               [crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
                                                                 Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
                                                                   Batrachosauria
                                                                     [crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
                                                                       Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
                                                                         Eureptilia Olson, 1947
                                                                           Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
                                                                             Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
                                                                               [crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
                                                                                 Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
                                                                                   [crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
                                                                                     Clade Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
                                                                                       Clade Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                         Clade Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
                                                                                           Clade Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                             Clade Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
                                                                                               [crown] Clade Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
                                                                                                 Clade Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                   Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                     Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                       Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
                                                                                                         Clade Dracohors Cau 2018
                                                                                                           Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                                             Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
                                                                                                               Clade Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
                                                                                                                 Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
                                                                                                                   Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
                                                                                                                     Clade Averostra Paul 2002
                                                                                                                       Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
                                                                                                                         Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
                                                                                                                           Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
                                                                                                                             Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
                                                                                                                               Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
                                                                                                                                 Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
                                                                                                                                   Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
                                                                                                                                     Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
                                                                                                                                       Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
                                                                                                                                         Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
                                                                                                                                           Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
                                                                                                                                             Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
                                                                                                                                               Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
                                                                                                                                                 Clade Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
                                                                                                                                                   Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
                                                                                                                                                     Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
                                                                                                                                                       [crown] Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
                                                                                                                                                         Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
                                                                                                                                                           Subcohort Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
                                                                                                                                                             Division Terrestrornithes B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
                                                                                                                                                               1 Subdivision Telmatorae Lowe, 1931 [monotypic]
                                                                                                                                                               2 Subdivision Dendrornithes Verheyen, 1961

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Last updated: 1 Feb 2024