Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
                   scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
                     podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
                       Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
                         Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 [nom. cl. nov.]
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002 [nom. cl. nov.]
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             [crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
                                               Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
                                                 Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
                                                   Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
                                                     Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
                                                       [crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
                                                         Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
                                                           Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
                                                             Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
                                                               Clupeocephala
                                                                 Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
                                                                   Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
                                                                     Infracohort Eurypterygia (Rosen, 1973)
                                                                       Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
                                                                         Subsection Acanthomorphata (Rosen, 1973)
                                                                           Euacanthomorpha (Johnson & Patterson, 1993)
                                                                             Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993
                                                                               Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
                                                                                 Euacanthopterygii
                                                                                   Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
                                                                                     Order Perciformesᵀ Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis - perches
                                                                                       Suborder Percoideiᵀ Rafinesque, 1810
                                                                                         Superfamily Percoideaᵀ
                                                                                           Family Percidaeᵀ Rafinesque, 1815 - perches and darters
                                                                                             Subfamily Etheostomatinae
                                                                                               Genus Etheostomaᵀ Rafinesque, 1819 - darters
                                                                                                 Etheostoma hopkinsi (Fowler, 1945) - christmas darter