Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
Clade scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin 1991]
Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985 [Laurin 1991] {Reisz, Modesto & Scott 2011}
[crown] Clade Sauria McCartney 1802 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Subclass Lepidosauromorpha Benton, 1983
Superorder Lepidosauriformes Gauthier et al., 1988
Order Squamata Oppel, 1811
Bifurcata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Unidentata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Episquamata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Toxicofera Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Ophidia Brongniart, 1800
Suborder Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 - snakes
Infraorder Alethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923
Afrophidia Vidal, Delmas & Hedges, 2007
Caenophidia Hoffstetter, 1939
Superfamily Colubroidea Oppel, 1811
Family Viperidae Oppel, 1811 - vipers and pit vipers
Subfamily Viperinaeᵀ Oppel, 1811 - pitless vipers
Genus Bitis Gray, 1842
01 Bitis albanica Hewitt, 1937
02 Bitis arietansᵀ (Merrem, 1820)
03 Bitis armata (Smith, 1826) - southern adder
04 Bitis atropos (Linnaeus, 1758)
05 Bitis caudalis (Smith, 1839)
06 Bitis cornuta (Daudin, 1803)
07.1 Bitis gabonica (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
07.2 Bitis rhinoceros (Schlegel, 1855)
08 Bitis harenna Gower, Wade, Spawls, Böhme, Buechley, Sykes & Colston, 2016
09 Bitis heraldica (Bocage, 1889)
10 Bitis inornata (Smith, 1838)
11 Bitis nasicornis (Shaw, 1802)
12 Bitis parviocula Böhme, 1976
13 Bitis peringueyi (Boulenger, 1888) - Péringuey's adder
14 Bitis rubida Branch, 1997
15 Bitis schneideri (Boettger, 1886)
16 Bitis worthingtoni Parker, 1932
17 Bitis xeropaga Haacke, 1975