Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Clade Pan-Lepidosauria Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020, sedis mutabilis
[crown] Subclass Lepidosauria Duméril & Bibron, 1839
Clade Pan-Squamata Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020
[crown] Order Squamata Oppel, 1811
Bifurcata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Unidentata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Episquamata Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Toxicofera Vidal & Hedges, 2005
Ophidia Brongniart, 1800
Suborder Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 - snakes
Infraorder Alethinophidia Nopcsa, 1923
Afrophidia Vidal, Delmas & Hedges, 2007
Caenophidia Hoffstetter, 1939
Superfamily Colubroidea Oppel, 1811
Family Viperidae Oppel, 1811 - vipers and pit vipers
Subfamily Viperinaeᵀ Oppel, 1811 - pitless vipers
Genus Viperaᵀ Laurenti, 1768
01 Vipera altaica Tuniyev, Nilson & Andrén, 2010
02 Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)
03 Vipera anatolica Eiselt & Baran, 1970
04 Vipera aspisᵀ (Linnaeus, 1758)
05 Vipera barani Böhme & Joger, 1983
06 Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758)
07 Vipera darevskii Vedmederja, Orlov & Tuniyev, 1986
08 Vipera dinniki Nikolsky, 1913
09 Vipera eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933)
10 Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909
11 Vipera latastei Boscá, 1878
12 Vipera lotievi Nilson, Tuniyev, Orlov, Höggren & Andrén, 1995
13 Vipera magnifica Tuniyev & Ostrovskikh, 2001
14 Vipera monticola Saint Girons, 1953
15 Vipera olguni (Tuniyev, Avci, Tuniyev, Agasian & Agasian, 2012)
16 Vipera orlovi Tuniyev & Ostrovskikh, 2001
17 Vipera pontica Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990
18 Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861)
19 Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879
20 Vipera shemakhensis (Tuniyev, Orlov, Tuniyev & Kidov, 2013)
21 Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger, 1913
22 Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835)
23 Vipera walser Ghielmi, Menegon, Marsden, Laddaga & Ursenbacher, 2016