Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
"neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 [nom. cl. nov.]
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002 [nom. cl. nov.]
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
[crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Osteolepidimorpha
Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930
Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
Amniota Haeckel, 1866 - amniotes
Synapsida Osborn, 1903
Therapsida Broom, 1905
Theriodontia
Eutheriodontia
Cynodontia Owen, 1861
Eucynodontia Kemp, 1982
Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988 [nom. cl. nov.]
Mammaliaformes Rowe 1988 [nom. cl. nov.]
Holotheria
Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Theriimorpha
Theriiformes Rowe, 1986
Trechnotheria McKenna, 1975
Cladotheria McKenna, 1975
Zatheria McKenna, 1975
Subclass Boreosphenida
Theria
Infraclass Eutheria Huxley, 1880
Cohort Placentalia (Owen, 1837) M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997 - placentals
Magnorder Boreoeutheria
Grandorder Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Fereuungulata Waddell et al., 1999
Superorder Ferae (Linnaeus, 1758) Simpson, 1945
Order Carnivora Bowdich, 1821 - carnivores
Suborder Caniformia Kretzoi, 1943
Infraorder Cynoidea Flower, 1869 [monotypic]
Family Canidae Batsch, 1788 - dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, and foxes
Subfamily Caninaeᵀ Batsch, 1788
Tribe Caniniᵀ Batsch, 1788
Genus Canisᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals
Canis lupusᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - wolf
01 Canis lupus lupusᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
02 Canis lupus albus Kerr, 1792
03 Canis lupus alces Goldman, 1941
04 Canis lupus arabs Pocock, 1934
05 Canis lupus arctos Pocock, 1935
06 Canis lupus baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929
07 Canis lupus beothucus Allen & Barbour, 1937
08 Canis lupus bernardi Anderson, 1943
09 Canis lupus campestris Dwigubski, 1804
10 Canis lupus chanco Gray, 1863
11 Canis lupus columbianus Goldman, 1941
12 Canis lupus crassodon Hall, 1932
13.1 Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 - domestic dog
13.2 Canis lupus dingo Meyer, 1793 - domestic dog
14 Canis lupus filchnevi (Matschie, 1907)
15 Canis lupus fuscus Richardson, 1839
16 Canis lupus griseoalbus Baird, 1858
17 Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931
18 ‡Canis lupus hodophilax Temminck, 1839
19 Canis lupus hudsonicus Goldman, 1941
20 Canis lupus irremotus Goldman, 1937
21 Canis lupus labradorius Goldman, 1937
22 Canis lupus ligoni Goldman, 1937
23 Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775 - eastern Canadian wolf
24 Canis lupus mackenzii Anderson, 1943
25 Canis lupus manningi Anderson, 1943
26 Canis lupus mogollonensis Goldman, 1937
27 Canis lupus monstrabilis Goldman, 1937
28 Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823
29 Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson, 1829
30 Canis lupus orion Pocock, 1935
31 Canis lupus pallipes Sykes, 1831
32 Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot, 1905
33.1 Canis lupus rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851 - red wolf
33.2 Canis lupus floridanus Miller, 1912
33.3 Canis lupus gregoryi Goldman, 1937
34 Canis lupus tundrarum Miller, 1912
35 Canis lupus youngi Goldman, 1937