Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
                   Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878
                     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
                       Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
                         Infrakingdom Streptophyta C. Jeffrey (1967)
                           Superphylum Charophyta Migula (1890) [monotypic]
                             Phylum Charophytaᵀ Rabenhorst (1863) [paraphyletic]
                               Class Conjugatophyceae sedis mutabilis
                                 01 Genus †Baccinellula Weyland (1963), incertae sedis
                                 02 Genus †Closterimopsis L.M. Yin & Z.P. Li (1978), incertae sedis
                                 03 Genus †Desmidopsis L.M. Yin & Z.P. Li (1978), incertae sedis
                                 04 Genus †Paleospiralis incertae sedis
                                 05 Genus †Spirogyrites Shukla (1950), incertae sedis
                                 06 Genus †Stenixys T.M. Harris (1938), incertae sedis
                                 07 Genus Astrocosmium Stockmayer (1888), incertae sedis
                                 08 Genus Didymidium P.F. Reinsch (1867), incertae sedis
                                 09 Genus Phycastrum Kützing ex Kützing (1849), incertae sedis
                                 10 Genus Phycoleda Itzigs. (1854), incertae sedis
                                 11 Genus Polysolenia C.G. Ehrenberg ex F.T. Kützing (1849), incertae sedis
                                 12 Genus Schizospora P.F. Reinsch, 1874-1875, incertae sedis
                                 13 Order Zygnematales [paraphyletic] - filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids
                                 13.n Order Desmidiales - placoderm desmids