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Taxon: Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 - ciliates (protist)
 Entity: 

Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Chromista

Subsequent positions

Heterokaryota (Superphylum) Hickson, 1903 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 971).

Subsequent entries

Spirotrichea (Class) Bütschli, 1889 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: table 4 (p. 971).

Current position

Alveolata (Superphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith et al., 2015: table 1 (p. 344).

Alternative positions

Alveolata ([unranked]) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 89.
Alveolata (Infrakingdom) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2004: 1252.
alveolates ([unranked]) Cavalier-Smith Ref: S. Brandt, 2001: 40.
Chromista (Kingdom) Caval.-Sm. (1981) Ref: O. Bánki et al., 2023: 17 Aug 2023.
Ciliata (Infrakingdom) Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
ciliates ([unranked]) Ref: J.O. Corliss, 1984: abstract.
Heterokaryota (Superphylum) Hickson, 1903 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 233.
Protista (Kingdom) (Haeckel, 1866)
Protoctista (Kingdom) Hogg, 1860 Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 138-139.
protozoa ([unranked]) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Protozoa (Kingdom) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, [1991(ined.?)]
Protozoa (Subkingdom) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: J.O. Corliss, 1982: 603.

Historical positions

Alveolata (Superphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564).
Chromista (Kingdom) Caval.-Sm. (1981) Ref: T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 129).
Alveolata (Superphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith et al., 2015: table 1 (p. 344).
Alveolata (Superphylum) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 12).
Alveolata ([unranked]) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 89.
Alveolata (Infrakingdom) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith & E.E. Chao, 2004: abstract.
Alveolata (Infrakingdom) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2004: table 4.1 (p. 78), fig. 4.1.
Alveolata (Infrakingdom) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2004: 1252.
fossil marine animal genera (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 15.
Alveolata (Infrakingdom) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 327.
Alveolates ([unranked]) Cavalier-Smith Ref: S. Brandt, 2001: 40.
Alveolata (Infrakingdom) Cavalier-Smith, 1991 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2000
alveolates ([unranked]) Cavalier-Smith Ref: D.H. Lynn & E.B. Small, 2000[2002]: 371-407.
Heterokaryota (Superphylum) Hickson, 1903 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 3 (p. 233).
alveolates ([unranked]) Cavalier-Smith Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 138-139.
Protozoa ([unranked]) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: 1998
Ciliophora (Phylum) Doflein, 1901 Ref: 1995
Heterokaryota (Superphylum) Hickson, 1903 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1993b: 985, table 4 (p. 971). [new position]
Protozoa (Kingdom) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, [1991(ined.?)]
Protista (Kingdom) (Haeckel, 1866) Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 127. [implicit]
Protoctista (Kingdom) Hogg, 1860 Ref: D.H. Lynn & E.B. Small, 1990: xiv, 498-523.
Protozoa ([unranked]) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990: 127. [alternative position]
ciliates ([unranked]) Ref: J.O. Corliss, 1984: abstract.
Ciliata (Infrakingdom) Ref: E. Möhn, 1984
Protoctista (Kingdom) Hogg, 1860 Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 112-113.
Protozoa (Subkingdom) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: J.O. Corliss, 1982: 603-604.
Protozoa ([unranked]) Goldfuss, 1818 Ref: N.D. Levine et al., 1980
Protista (Kingdom) (Haeckel, 1866) Ref: R.H. Whittaker, 1969

Number of Subtaxa

2024 Available in Systema Naturae 2000 11c;59o;289f;1535g;2211s;32ss; †1o;72g;70s
1989-present Systema Naturae 2000: 15 Mar 2016 [11c;59o]
2020 T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 129) 2,169*ng;1,596[-1,888]*g; †2.2%g
2015b M.A. Ruggiero et al.: table 2 (p. 14) [11c;58o]
2008 D.H. Lynn: 93 2sp;11c;59o;[>]7800s; †~200s
2004 T. Cavalier-Smith: table 4.1 (p. 78) [10c]
2002 W. Song & N. Wilbert [10c;58o;272f];<10,000s
2000[2002] D.H. Lynn & E.B. Small [10c;57o;269f]
1998 T. Cavalier-Smith [3sp]
1998 L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz [8c]<10,000s
1993b T. Cavalier-Smith: table 4 (p. 972) [8c]
1990 D.H. Lynn & E.B. Small 8c
1990 R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca <8,000s
1982 J.O. Corliss 3c23o204[203]f1125g7200s
1982 L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz 3c8,000s
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Last updated: 1 Feb 2024