Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Plantae

Phylogeny

Paraphyletic/Ancestral (para)

Subsequent positions

Cormophyta (Infrakingdom) Caval.-Sm. (1998)

Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 250. [assumed]

Original entries

Anthocerotae (Subphylum) (auct.) Cavalier-Sm. (1998)
Hepaticae (Subphylum) (auct.) Cavalier-Sm. (1998)
Musci (Subphylum) (L.) Cavalier-Sm. (1998)

Current position

Embryophyta (Clade) Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]

Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 30). [implicit]

Alternative positions

Bryata ([unranked])	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 382-385.
Bryobiotina (Subkingdom) Campb. (1890)	Ref: A.B. Doweld, 2001: I. [new position]
Cormophyta (Subkingdom)	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1979-1984
Cormophyta (Infrakingdom) Caval.-Sm. (1998)	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: 250. [new position]
Embryophyta (Clade) Engler 1887 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken & M. Roos, 2010: 68.
Embryophyta (Superphylum) Engl. (1887)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 30).
embryophytes ([unranked])	Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: fig. 1. [inferred rank]
land plants ([unranked])	Ref: T.N. Taylor et al., 2009: App. 1 (p. 1027).
Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel (1866)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 252.
Viridaeplantae (Subkingdom) Cavalier-Sm. (1981)	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2004: 1252.

Historical positions

Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel (1866)	Ref: T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 133).
Embryophyta (Superphylum) Engl. (1887)	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 30).
Embryophyta (Clade) Engler 1887 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken & M. Roos, 2010: 68.
Land plants ([unranked])	Ref: T.N. Taylor et al., 2009: App. 1 (p. 1027).
embryophytes ([unranked])	Ref: P.D. Cantino et al., 2007: fig. 1.
Viridaeplantae (Subkingdom) Cavalier-Sm. (1981)	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2004: 1252.
Bryobiotina (Subkingdom) Campb. (1890)	Ref: A.B. Doweld, 2001: I. [new position]
Bryata ([unranked])	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1998: 382-385.
Cormophyta (Infrakingdom) Caval.-Sm. (1998)	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998: table 6 (p. 250). [new position]
Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel (1866)	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1979-1984
Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel (1866)	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 252.
Viridiplantae (Kingdom) Caval.-Sm. (1981)	Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 1981
Plantae (Kingdom) Haeckel (1866)	Ref: R.H. Whittaker, 1969

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	13c;49o;201f;1317g;458s;6ss;12v; †2o;1f;1g;1s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 24 Jan 2023	[13c;49o;201f;1317g]
2020	T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 133)	1,641*ng;997[-1,377]*g; †1.8%g
2015b	M.A. Ruggiero et al.: table 2 (p. 31)	[8c;30o]
2010	Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & Missouri Botanical Garden: 12 Aug 2011	165f;1473g;~20,000[15,344]s
2001	A.B. Doweld: I	[4c]
2000	W.R. Buck & B. Goffinet	[6c;23o;116f;865g]
1998	L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz	3c<10,000s
1998	T. Cavalier-Smith	[3sp]
1982	L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz	3c24,000s