Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Echinodermata

Current position

Asterozoa (Infraphylum) von Zittel, 1895

Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987 [implicit]

Alternative positions

Ambulacrata (Branch)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 444.
Asterozoa ([unranked])	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 274.
Asterozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: H.G. Hansson, 2001: 338.
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 230.

Historical positions

Asterozoa ([unranked])	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 274.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: T. Fujita & F.W.E. Rowe, 2002: 317.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: H.G. Hansson, 2001: 338.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Asterozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 230.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975
Ambulacrata (Branch)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 444.

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	8o;40f;123g;95s;4ss;2v; †4o;1f;3g
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	8o;40f;310g;~1500s; †~120g
1877	E.R. Lankester: 444	[4o]