Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Echinodermata

Current position

Echinozoa (Infraphylum) Haeckel, in Von Zittell, 1895

Ref: F.J. Fell, 1982: 804. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Ambulacrata (Branch)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 443.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: H.G. Hansson, 2001: 346.
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: F.J. Fell, 1982: 804.
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 230.

Historical positions

Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 286.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: H.G. Hansson, 2001: 346.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: 1998
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: F.J. Fell, 1982: 804-805.
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 230.
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 325, 627.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975
Ambulacrata (Branch)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 443.

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	14o;48f;125g;83s; †10o;1f;10g;1s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	14o;49f;765*g;940s
1990	R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca	2sc~940s
1987	R.S. Boardman et al.	~20o~765*g
1982	F.J. Fell: 804, 805	2sc;[13o;47f];950s; †5000s
1877	E.R. Lankester: 443	[6o]