Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Echinodermata

Current position

Echinozoa (Infraphylum) Haeckel, in Von Zittell, 1895

Ref: D.L. Pawson, 1982: 813. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: H.G. Hansson, 2001: 348.
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: D.L. Pawson, 1982: 813.
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 230.

Historical positions

Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 273 (TREATISE Part U, 1966).
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: H.G. Hansson, 2001: 348.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: 1998
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: C. Nielsen, 1995
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: R.S. Boardman et al., 1987
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: D.L. Pawson, 1982: 813-814.
Eleutherozoa (Subphylum) Bell, 1891	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 230.
Echinozoa (Subphylum) von Zittel, 1895	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 325, 627.
Echinodermata (Phylum) Bruguière, 1789	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	6o;24f;107g;80s;2ss
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	6o;25f;200*g;1150s
1990	R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca	3sc~1,150s
1987	R.S. Boardman et al.	~200*g
1982	D.L. Pawson: 814	3sc;6o;25f