Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata

Phylogeny

Paraphyletic/Ancestral (para)

Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: [389].

Current position

Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812

Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: [433].

Alternative positions

Pisces ([unranked])

Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 358.

Historical positions

Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: [433].
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: [389].
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: T. Märss et al., 2002: 90. [indirect]
Pisces ([unranked])	Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 358.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Vertebrata (Phylum) Lamarck, 1801	Ref: B. Gardiner et al., 1989: 301.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: App. (p. 595), fig. 1.3.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 620).
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: R.A. Fritzsche & L. Fuiman, 1982: 830; 1113.

Number of Subtaxa

1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	2o;2f;15g;111s
1988	R.L. Carroll: 596	[2o;2f; †5o;37f]
1986	A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons: App. 1 (p. 620)	[2o; †4o]
1982	R.A. Fritzsche & L. Fuiman: 830	2o;[2f;14g;63s]