Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210
actualia - actual entities
Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]
Mundus Plinius - physical world
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.
naturalia - natural bodies
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020 [validation] [inferred position]
Clade "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.
Clade neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 116 [inferred position]; 18 Sep 2015.
Clade neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): fig. 2
Clade scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith et al., 2015: 357 [emended diagnosis] [indirect position]; 18 Sep 2015.
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith et al., 2015: 357 [new position]
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012
Ref: S.M. Adl et al., 2012: table 1 (p. 430) [new taxon] [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 98 [indirect position]
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48)
[Infraphylum Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates]
see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); auct.
[Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes]
see [unranked] Euteleostomi
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434
[Order Alepisauriformes Regan, 1911]
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 311
Order †Bobasatraniformes
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 307
Order †Cephaloxeniformes
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 307
[Subclass Choanichthyes]
see Subclass Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986 [indirect position]
[Order Megalopiformes]
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 309
[Order "Syngnathiiformes" Bailly, Eschmeyer, Froese, Quéro, van der Land, Costello, Zavodnik, Serrão Santos & Mora Porteiro, 2001, orth. inval.]
see Order Syngnathiformes Berg, 1940
Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 368
[Order "Tetradontiformes"]
see Order Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1937
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 318
1 [Subclass †Acanthodii Owen, 1846]
see Class Acanthodii Owen, 1846
Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 621)
1 [Subclass Paleopterygii]
Ref: 1977
2 [Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes]
see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434
2.0 [Subclass "Actinopterygi"]
see Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: fig. 7.7 [error]
2.2.0 [Subclass Brachiopterygii]
Ref: 1989
3 [Subclass Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955 [paraphyletic]]
see Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436
3.1.0 [Subclass Dipneusti]
see Order Dipnoi Müller, 1844
Ref: 1989
3.1.0 [Order Dipteriformes]
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305
3.2 [Subclass Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861]
see Infraclass Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861
Ref: 1977
3.2.0 [Order Coelocanthiformes]
Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305