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Paraphyletic taxon: Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes (fish)
Cladification by:

Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210
   actualia - actual entities
  Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
    Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.
       naturalia - natural bodies
      Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]
         [crown clade] Biota J.R. Wagner, 2004 [J. Wiemann et al., 2020]
        Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]
           neomura T. Cavalier-Smith, 1987
          Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]
             Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
            Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.
               discaria T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021)
              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]
                 dorsates T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021)
                Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]
                   podiates T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012)
                  Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11
                     [crown clade] Amorphea S.M. Adl et al., 2012 [A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020]
                    Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
                       [crown clade] Obazoa M.W. Brown et al., 2013, nom. cl. nov.
                      Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.
                         [crown clade] Opisthokonta T. Cavalier-Smith, 1987 [A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                        Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
                           Holozoa B.F. Lang et al., 2002
                          Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
                             filozoa K. Shalchian-Tabrizi et al., 2008, nom. cl. nov.
                            Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.
                               Animalia C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                              Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]
                                 [node-based clade] Planulozoa A. Wallberg et al., 2004, nom. cl. nov.
                                Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
                                   [branch-based clade] Bilateria (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
                                  Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
                                     Nephrozoa U. Jondelius et al., 2002, nom. cl. nov.
                                    Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
                                       [branch-based clade] Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                      Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
                                         [branch-based clade] Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                        Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
                                           Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                          Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48)
                                             [Gnathostomata C. Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates] see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
                                            Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); auct.
                                               [Osteichthyes T.H. Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes] see [unranked] Euteleostomi
                                              Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434
                                                 [Alepisauriformes Regan, 1911]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 311
                                                 Bobasatraniformes
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 307
                                                 Cephaloxeniformes
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 307
                                                 [Choanichthyes] see Subclass Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
                                                Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986 [indirect position]
                                                 [Megalopiformes]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 309
                                                 ["Syngnathiiformes" N. Bailly et al., 2001, orth. null.] see Order Syngnathiformes Berg, 1940
                                                Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 368
                                                 ["Tetradontiformes"] see Order Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1937
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 318
                                                 1 [Acanthodii Owen, 1846] see Class Acanthodii Owen, 1846
                                                Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 621)
                                                 1 [Paleopterygii]
                                                Ref: 1977
                                                 2 [Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes] see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434
                                                 2.0 ["Actinopterygi"] see Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: fig. 7.7 [error]
                                                 2.2.0 [Brachiopterygii]
                                                Ref: 1989
                                                 3 [Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955 [paraphyletic]] see Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
                                                Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436
                                                 3.1.0 [Dipneusti] see Order Dipnoi Müller, 1844
                                                Ref: 1989
                                                 3.1.0 [Dipteriformes]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305
                                                 3.2 [Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861] see Infraclass Crossopterygii Huxley, 1861
                                                Ref: 1977
                                                 3.2.0 [Coelocanthiformes]
                                                Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305

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Last updated: 1 Feb 2024