Natura - nature
Status: extant
actualia - actual entities
Status: extant
Mundus Plinius - physical world
Status: extant
naturalia - natural bodies
Status: extant
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater, terrestrial & aerial); Period: Archean - Present (3770 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Archean - Present (3420 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present (1650 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present [2500 Mya - present]; Status: extant
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present [2500 Mya - present]; Status: extant
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present [2500 Mya - present]; Status: extant
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present (1400 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present (1010 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present (1010 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present [2500 Mya - present]; Status: extant
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present (760 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Proterozoic - Present (760 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Status: extant
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Ediacaran - Present (567 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Period: Ediacaran - Present (558 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Period: Ediacaran - Present (555 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Distribution: cosmopolitan (marine, brackish, freshwater & terrestrial); Period: Ediacaran - Present (555 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Status: extant
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Period: Early Cambrian - Present (518 - 0 Mya); Status: extant
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Status: extant
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Status: extant
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
Status: extant
Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Pan-Sarcopterygii
Status: extant
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Status: extant
Clade Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson, 2006
Status: extant
Clade Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Status: extant
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Status: extant
Clade Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901 [Cloutier & Ahlberg 1996]
Status: extant
Clade Eotetrapodiformes Coates & Friedman, 2010
Status: extant
[crown] Clade Elpistostegalia Camp & Allison, 1961
Status: extant
Clade Stegocephali Cope 1868 [Laurin 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Labyrinthodontia Owen 1859 [Laurin 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Laurin 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Pan-Amniota Rowe 2004 [Laurin & Smithson 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Batrachosauria
Status: extant
Clade Amniota Haeckel 1866 [Laurin & Reisz 2020]
Status: extant
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Status: extant
Clade Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Status: extant
Clade Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Status: extant
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
Status: extant
Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Status: extant
Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
Status: extant
Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
Status: extant
Clade Pan-Testudines Joyce, Parham & Gauthier 2004 [Joyce, Parham, Anquetin, Claude, Danilov, Iverson, Kear, Lyson, Rabi & Sterli 2020]
Status: extant
Subclass Testudinata Oppel, 1811 [monotypic] - testudinates
Status: extant
[crown] Order Testudinesᵀ Wagler, 1830 - turtles
Distribution: Atlantic (marine); Status: extant
Suborder Cryptodira Cope, 1868
Distribution: Palearctic/Mediterranean; Status: extant
Superfamily Testudinoidea Batsch, 1788
Status: extant
Family Testudinidaeᵀ Batsch, 1788 - tortoises
Distribution: Africa, Europe, Asia, North, Middle & South America; Status: extant
Genus Testudoᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
Distribution: Europe, Asia; Status: extant
1.1 Testudo graecaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - spur-thighed tortoise
Distribution: Palearctic/Middle East; Status: vulnerable (VU)
1.2 Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, 1883 - Egyptian tortoise
Distribution: Palearctic/Middle East; Status: critically endangered (CR)
1.3 Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1793 - marginated tortoise
Distribution: Palearctic/southern Europe; Status: least concern (LC)
2 Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 - Hermann's tortoise
Distribution: Palearctic/western Europe; Status: near threatened (NT)
3 Testudo horsfieldii Gray, 1844 - Central Asian tortoise
Distribution: southern Asia; Status: vulnerable (VU)