Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
[crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
Clade Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
Clade Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
Clade Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
Clade Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
Clade Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
[crown] Clade Archosauriaᵀ Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
Clade Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dracohorsᵀ Cau 2018
Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
Clade Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Averostraᵀ Paul 2002
Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
Clade Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
[crown] Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Subcohort Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
Division Terrestrornithes B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Subdivision Dendrornithes Verheyen, 1961
Section Anomalogonates Garrod, 1874
Subsection Coccyges Huxley, 1867
Superorder Psittacimorphae Huxley, 1867
Order Columbiformes Latham, 1790 - pigeons and allies
Suborder Columbaeᵀ Latham, 1790 - doves and dodos
Family Columbidaeᵀ Illiger, 1811 - doves, pigeons
Subfamily Columbinaeᵀ Illiger, 1811 - typical doves
Genus Columbaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
01 Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 - rock pigeon
02 Columba rupestris Pallas, 1811 - hill pigeon
03 Columba leuconota Vigors, 1831 - snow pigeon
04 Columba guinea Linnaeus, 1758 - speckled pigeon
05 Columba albitorques Rüppell, 1837 - white-collared pigeon
06 Columba oenas Linnaeus, 1758 - stock pigeon
07 Columba eversmanni Bonaparte, 1856 - pale-backed pigeon
08 Columba oliviae Stephenson Clarke, 1918 - Somali pigeon
09 Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 - common wood-pigeon
10 Columba trocaz Heineken, 1829 - Trocaz pigeon
11 Columba bollii Godman, 1872 - Bolle's pigeon
12 Columba junoniae Hartert, 1916 - laurel pigeon
13 Columba unicincta Cassin, 1860 - Afep pigeon
14 Columba arquatrix Temminck, 1808 - African olive-pigeon
15 Columba sjostedti Reichenow, 1901 - Cameroon olive-pigeon
16 Columba thomensis Bocage, 1888 - Sao Tome olive-pigeon
17 Columba pollenii Schlegel, 1865 - Comoro olive-pigeon
18 Columba hodgsonii Vigors, 1832 - speckled wood-pigeon
19 Columba albinucha Sassi, 1911 - white-naped pigeon
20 Columba pulchricollis Blyth, 1846 - ashy wood-pigeon
21 Columba elphinstonii (Sykes, 1832) - Nilgiri wood-pigeon
22 Columba torringtoniae (Blyth & Kelaart, 1853)
23 Columba punicea Blyth, 1842 - pale-capped pigeon
24 Columba argentina Bonaparte, 1855 - silvery wood-pigeon
25 Columba palumboides (Hume, 1873) - Andaman wood-pigeon
26 Columba janthina Temminck, 1830 - Japanese wood-pigeon
27 ‡Columba versicolor Kittlitz, 1832 - Bonin wood-pigeon
28 ‡Columba jouyi (Stejneger, 1887) - Ryukyu pigeon
29 Columba vitiensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 - metallic pigeon
30 Columba leucomela Temminck, 1821 - white-headed pigeon
31 Columba pallidiceps (Ramsay, 1878) - yellow-legged pigeon
32 Columba leucocephala Linnaeus, 1758 - white-crowned pigeon
33 Columba squamosa Bonnaterre, 1792 - scaly-naped pigeon
34 Columba speciosa Gmelin, 1789 - scaled pigeon
35 Columba picazuro Temminck, 1813 - Picazuro pigeon
36 Columba corensis Jacquin, 1784 - bare-eyed pigeon
37 Columba maculosa Temminck, 1813 - spot-winged pigeon
38 Columba fasciata Say, 1823 - band-tailed pigeon
39 Columba araucana Lesson, 1827 - Chilean pigeon
40 Columba caribaea Jacquin, 1784 - ring-tailed pigeon
41 Columba cayennensis Bonnaterre, 1792 - pale-vented pigeon
42 Columba flavirostris Wagler, 1831 - red-billed pigeon
43 Columba oenops Salvin, 1895 - Peruvian pigeon
44 Columba inornata Vigors, 1827 - plain pigeon
45 Columba plumbea Vieillot, 1818 - plumbeous pigeon
46 Columba subvinacea (Lawrence, 1868) - ruddy pigeon
47 Columba nigrirostris Sclater, 1860 - short-billed pigeon
48 Columba goodsoni Hartert, 1902 - dusky pigeon
49 Columba delegorguei Delegorgue, 1847 - eastern bronze-naped pigeon
50 Columba iriditorques Cassin, 1856 - western bronze-naped pigeon
51 Columba malherbii Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851 - Sao Tome bronze-naped pigeon
52 Columba larvata Temminck, 1810 - lemon dove