Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Clade Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
[crown] Clade Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Clade Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2020]
[crown] Clade Neodiapsida Benton 1985
Clade Pan-Archelosauria W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021, sedis mutabilis
[crown] Clade Archelosauria N.G. Crawford, J.F. Parham, A.B. Sellas, B.C. Faircloth, T.C. Glenn, T.J. Papenfuss, ..., W.B. Simison 2015 [W.G. Joyce, J. Anquetin, E. Cadena, J. Claude, I.G. Danilov, S.W. Evers, ..., J.F. Parham 2021]
Clade Pan-Archosauria Gauthier 2020
Clade Archosauromorpha von Huene 1946 [Gauthier 2020]
Clade Crocopoda Ezcurra 2016
Clade Archosauriformes Gauthier 1994 [Gauthier 2020]
Clade Crurotarsi Sereno & Arcucci 1990
[crown] Clade Archosauriaᵀ Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 2020]
Clade Pan-Aves Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dinosauriformes Novas 1992 [M. Ezcurra, S. Nesbitt, M. Bronzati, F. Dalla Vecchia, F. Agnolin, R. Benson, ..., M. Langer 2020]
Clade Dracohorsᵀ Cau 2018
Clade Dinosauria Owen 1842 [Langer, Novas, Bittencourt, Ezcurra & Gauthier 2020]
Clade Saurischia Seeley 1888 [Gauthier, Langer, Novas, Bittencourt & Ezcurra 2020]
Clade Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
Clade Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Naish, Cau, Holtz Jr., Fabbri & Gauthier 2020]
Clade Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Averostraᵀ Paul 2002
Clade Tetanurae Gauthier 1986
Clade Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012
Clade Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
Clade Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Clade Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Clade Maniraptora Gauthier 1986
Clade Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014
Clade Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
Clade Avialae Gauthier 1986
Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Clade Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Clade Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995
Clade Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001
Clade Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Clade Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
[crown] Clade Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Subcohort Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
Division Terrestrornithes B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Subdivision Dendrornithes Verheyen, 1961
Section Anomalogonates Garrod, 1874
Subsection Pico-clamatores B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Superorder Passerimorphae Sibley et al., 1988
Order Passeriformesᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
Suborder Passeresᵀ (C. Linnaeus, 1758) C. Linnaeus, 1766
Parvorder Passeridaᵀ (C. Linnaeus, 1758) Sibley et al., 1988
Superfamily Muscicapoidea
Family Turdidae Rafinesque, 1815 - thrushes
Genus Turdusᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
01 Turdus pelios Bonaparte, 1850
02 Turdus tephronotus Cabanis, 1878
03 Turdus libonyanus (A. Smith, 1836)
04 Turdus olivaceofuscus Hartlaub, 1852
05 Turdus olivaceus Linnaeus, 1766
06 Turdus menachensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1913
07 Turdus bewsheri E. Newton, 1877
08 Turdus hortulorum P.L. Sclater, 1863
09 Turdus unicolor Tickell, 1833
10 Turdus dissimilis Blyth, 1847
11 Turdus cardis Temminck, 1831
12 Turdus albocinctus Royle, 1839
13 Turdus torquatus Linnaeus, 1758
14 Turdus boulboul (Latham, 1790)
15 Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758 - Eurasian blackbird
16 Turdus poliocephalus Latham, 1802
17 Turdus rubrocanus J.E. Gray & G.R. Gray, 1847
18 Turdus kessleri (Przevalski, 1876)
19 Turdus feae (Salvadori, 1887)
20 Turdus obscurus J.F. Gmelin, 1789 - eye-browed thrush
21 Turdus pallidus J.F. Gmelin, 1789
22 Turdus chrysolaus Temminck, 1832
23 Turdus celaenops Stejneger, 1887
24.1 Turdus atrogularis Jarocki, 1819
24.2 Turdus ruficollis Pallas, 1776
25.1 Turdus naumanni Temminck, 1820 - Naumann's thrush
25.2 Turdus eunomus Temminck, 1831
26 Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, 1758 - fieldfare
27 Turdus iliacus Linnaeus, 1758 - redwing
28 Turdus philomelos C.L. Brehm, 1831
29 Turdus mupinensis Laubmann, 1920
30 Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758
31 Turdus fuscater d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837
32 Turdus chiguanco d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837
33 Turdus nigrescens Cabanis, 1861
34 Turdus infuscatus (Lafresnaye, 1844)
35 Turdus serranus Tschudi, 1844
36 Turdus nigriceps Cabanis, 1874
37 Turdus reevei Lawrence, 1869
38 Turdus olivater (Lafresnaye, 1848)
39 Turdus maranonicus Taczanowski, 1880
40 Turdus fulviventris P.L. Sclater, 1857
41 Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818
42 Turdus falcklandii Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
43 Turdus leucomelas Vieillot, 1818
44 Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1850
45 Turdus plebejus Cabanis, 1861
46 Turdus ignobilis P.L. Sclater, 1857
47 Turdus lawrencii Coues, 1880
48 Turdus fumigatus M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823
49 Turdus obsoletus Lawrence, 1862
50 Turdus hauxwelli Lawrence, 1869
51 Turdus haplochrous Todd, 1931
52 Turdus grayi Bonaparte, 1838 - clay-colored robin
53 Turdus nudigenis Lafresnaye, 1848
54 Turdus jamaicensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789
55 Turdus assimilis Cabanis, 1850
56 Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818
57 Turdus rufopalliatus Lafresnaye, 1840 - rufous-backed robin
58 Turdus rufitorques Hartlaub, 1844
59 Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766 - American robin
60 Turdus swalesi (Wetmore, 1927)
61 Turdus aurantius J.F. Gmelin, 1789
62 ‡Turdus ravidus (Cory, 1886)
63 Turdus plumbeus Linnaeus, 1758 - red-legged thrush