Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
[crown] Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
[crown] Clade Embryophytaᵀ Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]
Clade Pan-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Apo-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Phylum Tracheophytaᵀ Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
Clade Pan-Euphyllophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Clade Euphyllophytaᵀ Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Pan-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Lignophytaᵀ Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Apo-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Subphylum Spermatophytinaᵀ Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants
Clade Pan-Angiospermae Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Class Magnoliopsidaᵀ Brongn. (1843)
[crown] Clade Mesangiospermaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
Clade Tricolpataeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Eudicotyledoneaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Gunneridaeᵀ Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2007 [Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2020]
[crown] Clade Pentapetalaeᵀ Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2007 [Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2020]
[crown] Clade Superasteridaeᵀ Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2011 [Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2020]
Superorder Asteranaeᵀ Takht. (1967)
[crown] Clade Gentianidaeᵀ Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2007 [Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Lamiidaeᵀ Takhtajan 1987 [Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Lamianaeᵀ Takhtajan 1967 [Olmstead & Judd 2020]
Order Gentianalesᵀ Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl (1820), sedis mutabilis
Family Apocynaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. - dogbane family
Genus Aganonerion Pierre ex C.J. Spire, in C.J. Spire & A. Spire (1906)
Genus Alafia Du Petit-Thouars (1806)
Genus Allomarkgrafia Woodson (1932)
Genus Allowoodsonia F. Markgraf (1967)
Genus Amalocalyx Pierre (1898)
Genus Ampelamus Rafinesque (1819)
Genus Amphineurion (A.DC.) Pichon
Genus Anatropanthus Schlechter (1908)
Genus Anechites Grisebach (1861)
Genus Angadenia Miers (1878)
Genus Anisopus N.E.Br. (1895)
Genus Anisotoma Fenzl (1844)
Genus Anodendron A.DC. (1844)
Genus †Apocynocarpum Ettingshausen (1887)
Genus †Apocynophyllum Unger (1850)
Genus †Apocynospermum C. Reid & M.E.J. Chandler (1926)
Genus Apteranthes Mik.
Genus Araujia Brotero (1817)
Genus Artia Guillaumin (1941)
Genus Asketanthera Woodson (1932)
Genus Aspidoglossum E.H.F. Meyer (1838)
Genus Aspidonepsis Nicholas & Goyder
Genus †Aspidospermoxylon Kruse (1954)
Genus Asterostemma Decaisne (1838)
Genus Atherandra Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Atherolepis Hook.f. (1883)
Genus Baeolepis Decaisne ex Moquin-Tandon, in A.DC. (1849)
Genus Baharuia D. J. Middleton
Genus Bahiella J. F. Morales
Genus Ballyanthus Bruyns
Genus Barjonia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Baroniella Costantin & Gallaud (1907)
Genus Baseonema Schlechter & Rendle (1896)
Genus Batesanthus N.E.Br. (1896)
Genus Baynesia Bruyns
Genus Blepharodon Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Blyttia Arnott, in Jardine & Johnst. (1838)
Genus Bousigonia Pierre (1898)
Genus Buckollia Venter & R. L. Verh.
Genus Calathostelma E.P.N. Fourn., in Mart. (1885)
Genus Calciphila Liede & Meve
Genus Callichilia Stapf, in Thiselton-Dyer (1902)
Genus Calocrater K.M. Schumann, in Engl. & Prantl (1895)
Genus Calostigma Decaisne (1838)
Genus Calyptranthera Klack.
Genus Campestigma Pierre ex Costantin, in Lecomte (1912)
Genus Camptocarpus Decaisne (1844), nom. cons.
Nothogenus ×Carapelia
Genus Carruthersia B.C. Seemann (1866)
Genus Carvalhoa K.M. Schumann, in Engl. & Prantl (1895)
Genus Cascabela Raf.
Genus Cerberiopsis Vieillard ex Pancher & Sebert, in Sebert (1874)
Genus Chamaeclitandra (Stapf) Pichon (1953)
Genus Chlorocyathus Oliv. (1887)
Genus Chonemorpha G.Don (1837), nom. cons.
Genus Cibirhiza P. Bruyns (1988)
Genus Cionura Grisebach (1844)
Genus Cleghornia R. Wight (1848)
Genus Clemensiella Schlechter (1915)
Genus Clitandra Bentham, in Hook. (1849)
Genus Conomitra Fenzl (1839)
Genus Cordylogyne E.H.F. Meyer (1838)
Genus Corollonema Schlechter (1914)
Genus Cosmostigma R. Wight (1834)
Genus Couma Aubl. (1775)
Genus Craspidospermum Bojer ex A.DC. (1844)
Genus †Cricotriporites P. Leidelmeyer (1966)
Genus Crioceras Pierre (1897)
Genus Cyathostelma E.P.N. Fourn., in Mart. (1885)
Genus Cycladenia Bentham (1849)
Genus Cyclocotyla Stapf (1908)
Genus Cylindropsis Pierre (1898)
Genus †Cypselites Heer (1859)
Genus Dactylostelma Schltr.
Genus Daemia R.Br.
Genus Dalzielia Turrill (1916)
Genus Decalepis R. Wight & Arnott, in R. Wight (1834)
Genus Decanema Decaisne (1838)
Genus Decastelma Schlechter, in Urban (1899)
Genus Desmidorchis Ehrenb.
Genus Dewevrella E. De Wildeman (1907)
Genus Dictyanthus Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Dictyophleba Pierre (1898)
Genus Dipladenia A.DC.
Genus Diplolepis R.Br. (1810)
Genus Diplorhynchus Welw. ex Ficalho & Hiern (1881)
Genus Diplostigma K.M. Schumann, in Engl. (1895)
Genus Dischidanthus Y. Tsiang (1936)
Genus Dischidiopsis Schlechter, in J. Perkins (1904)
Genus Dittoceras Hook.f. (1883)
Genus Dolichopetalum Tsiang (1973)
Genus Dregea E.H.F. Meyer (1838), nom. cons.
Genus Duvalia Haw. (1812)
Genus Duvaliandra M.G. Gilbert (1980)
Nothogenus ×Duvaliaranthus
Genus Echidnopsis Hook.f. (1871)
Genus Echitea
Genus Echites P.Browne (1756)
Genus †Echitonium Unger (1839)
Genus Ecliptostelma T.S. Brandegee (1917)
Genus Ectadium E.H.F. Meyer (1838)
Genus Ecua D. J. Middleton
Genus Edithcolea N.E.Br. (1895)
Genus Elytropus J. Mueller Arg. (1860)
Genus Emicocarpus K.M. Schumann & Schlechter (1900)
Genus Emplectanthus N.E.Br., in Thiselton-Dyer (1908)
Genus Ephippiocarpa Markgr.
Genus Epistemma D.V. Field & J.B. Hall (1982)
Genus Eucorymbia Stapf (1903)
Genus Eustegia R.Br. (1810), nom. inut.
Genus Fanninia Harv. (1868)
Genus Farquharia Stapf (1912)
Genus Fernaldia R.E. Woodson (1932)
Genus †Fezzania E. Boureau (1957)
Genus Finlaysonia Wall. (1831)
Genus Fischeria DC. (1813)
Genus Frerea Dalzell (1864)
Genus Geissospermum Freire Allemão (1846)
Genus Genianthus Hook.f. (1883)
Genus Glossonema Decaisne (1838)
Genus Glossostelma Schlechter (1895)
Genus Gongronema (Endl.) Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Gonioma E.H.F. Meyer (1838)
Genus Goniostemma R. Wight (1834)
Genus Gonocrypta Baill. (1889)
Nothogenus ×Gonostelma
Genus Gonostemon Haw.
Genus Goydera Liede
Genus Gunnessia P. I. Forst.
Genus Gymnemopsis Costantin, in Lecomte (1912)
Genus Hancornia B.A. Gomes (1812)
Genus Hanghomia Gagnep. & Thénint
Genus Haplophyton A.DC. (1844)
Genus Hemidesmus R.Br. (1810)
Genus Hemipogon Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Heterostemma R. Wight & Arnott, in R. Wight (1834)
Genus Himatanthus Willd. ex Schult., in Roem. & Schult. (1819)
Genus Huerniopsis N.E.Br. (1878)
Genus Hybanthera Endl.
Genus Hylaea J. F. Morales
Genus Hypolobus E.P.N. Fourn., in Mart. (1885)
Genus Ischnolepis H. Jumelle & H. Perrier de la Bâthie (1909)
Genus Isonema R.Br. (1810)
Genus Ixodonerium Pitard, in Lecomte & Humbert (1933)
Genus Jasminanthes Blume
Genus Jobinia E.P.N. Fourn., in Mart. (1885)
Genus Kamettia Kosteletzky (1834)
Genus Kanahia R.Br. (1810)
Genus Lacmellea H. Karsten (1857)
Genus Lagarinthus E.Mey.
Genus Laubertia A.DC. (1844)
Genus Lavrania D.C.H. Plowes (1986)
Genus Laxoplumeria Markgraf (1926)
Genus †Leakeyia Chesters (1957)
Genus Leichardtia R.Br., in Sturt (1849)
Genus Lepinia Decaisne (1849)
Genus Lepiniopsis Valeton (1895)
Genus Liedea W.D.Stevens
Genus Lochnera Rchb.
Genus Lygisma Hook.f. (1883)
Genus †Lyonsiaephyllum H. Deane (1907)
Genus Macoubea Aubl. (1775)
Genus Macroditassa Malme
Genus Macropharynx Rusby (1927)
Genus Macroscepis Kunth, in Humb. et al. (1819)
Genus Mangenotia Pichon (1954)
Genus Manothrix Miers
Genus Melinia Decaisne (1844)
Genus Mesechites J. Müll.Arg. in Mart. (1860)
Genus Metalepis Grisebach (1866)
Genus Micholitzia N.E.Br. (1909)
Genus Micrechites Miquel (1857)
Genus Microdactylon T.S. Brandegee (1908)
Genus Microloma R.Br. (1810)
Genus Microplumeria Baill. (1889)
Genus Minaria T. U. P. Konno & Rapini
Genus Miraglossum F.K. Kupicha (1984)
Genus Mitostigma Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Mondia Skeels (1911)
Genus Monolluma Plowes
Genus Morrenia Lindl. (1838)
Genus Mortoniella Woodson (1939)
Genus Motandra A.DC. (1844)
Genus Nautonia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Neobracea N.L. Britton, in N.L. Britton & Millspaugh (1920)
Genus Neocouma Pierre (1898)
Genus Neoschumannia Schlechter (1905)
Genus Nephradenia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus †Neritinium Unger (1850)
Genus Notechidnopsis J.J. Lavranos & M.B. Bleck (1985)
Genus †Ochrosella E.M. Reid & M.E.J. Chandler (1933)
Genus †Ochrosoidea E.M. Reid & M.E.J. Chandler (1933)
Genus Odontanthera R. Wight (1838)
Genus Odontostelma Rendle (1894)
Genus Oncinema Arnott (1834)
Genus Orbeanthus L.C. Leach (1978)
Genus Orbeopsis L.C. Leach (1978)
Genus Orthanthera R. Wight (1834)
Genus Orthopichonia H. Huber
Genus Orthosia Decaisne (1844)
Genus Pachycymbium L.C. Leach (1978)
Genus Pacouria Aubl. (1775)
Genus Papuechites Markgraf (1927)
Genus Parahancornia Ducke (1922)
Genus Parameria Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
Genus Parepigynum Y. Tsiang & P.T. Li (1973)
Genus Pectinaria Haworth (1819)
Genus Peltastes Woodson (1932)
Genus Pentacyphus Schlechter (1906)
Genus Pentalinon J.O. Voigt (1845)
Genus Pentarrhinum E.H.F. Meyer (1838)
Genus Pentatropis R. Wight & Arnott, in R. Wight (1834)
Genus Pentopetia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Peplonia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Pergularia L. (1767)
Genus Pervillaea Decne.
Genus Petalostelma E.Fourn.
Genus Petopentia Bullock (1954)
Genus Pezisicarpus Vernet (1904)
Genus Pherotrichis Decaisne (1838)
Genus Philibertia Kunth, in Humb. et al. (1819)
Genus Physostelma R. Wight (1834)
Genus Piaranthus R.Br. (1810)
Genus Pinochia M. E. Endress & B. F. Hansen
Genus Pleioceras Baill. (1888)
Genus Pleurostelma Baill. (1890)
Genus Polystemma Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Pottsia Hook. & Arnott (1837)
Genus Prosthecidiscus J.D.Sm. (1898)
Genus Pseudibatia Malme (1900)
Genus Pseudolithos Bally (1965)
Genus Pteralyxia K.M. Schumann, in Engl. & Prantl (1895)
Genus Pycnobotrya Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
Genus Quaqua N.E.Br. (1879)
Genus Quisumbingia Merrill (1936)
Genus Rhabdadenia J. Müll.Arg. in Mart. (1860)
Genus Rhigospira Miers (1878)
Genus Rhyncharrhena F.Muell. (1859)
Genus Rhynchodia Bentham (1876)
Genus Rhyssostelma Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Rhytidocaulon Bally (1963)
Genus Richtersveldia Meve & Liede
Genus Riocreuxia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Rojasia Malme (1905)
Genus Sacleuxia Baill. (1890)
Genus Sarcolobus R.Br. (1810)
Genus Schistogyne Hook. & Arnott (1834)
Genus Schistonema Schlechter (1906)
Genus Schizoglossum Kützing (1843)
Genus Schizostephanus Hochst. ex Benth. & Hook.fil.
Genus Schizozygia Baill. (1888)
Genus Schubertia Mart. (1824), nom. cons.
Genus Secamonopsis Jumelle (1908)
Genus Secondatia A.DC. (1844)
Genus Seutera Rchb.
Genus Sichuania M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li
Genus Sindechites Oliv. (1888)
Genus Sinomarsdenia P.T.Li & J.J.Chen
Genus Solenostemma Hayne (1825)
Genus Sphaerocodon Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
Genus Spirolobium Baill. (1889), nom. cons.
Genus Spongiosperma J.L. Zarucchi (1988)
Genus Stapelianthus Choux ex White & Sloane (1933)
Genus Stapeliopsis Pillans (1928)
Genus Stathmostelma K.M. Schumann (1893)
Genus Stelmation E.Fourn.
Genus Stelmocrypton
Genus Stenomeria Turczaninow (1852)
Genus Stenostelma Schlechter (1894)
Genus Stephanostegia Baill. (1888)
Genus Stephanostema K. Schumann (1904)
Genus Stephanotis Du Petit-Thouars (1806)
Genus Stigmatorhynchus Schlechter (1913)
Genus Stipecoma J. Müll.Arg. in Mart. (1860)
Genus Stisseria Heister
Genus Stomatostemma N.E.Br., in Thiselton-Dyer (1902)
Genus Strempeliopsis Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
Genus †Tabernaemontanophyllum H.T. Geyler (1887)
Genus Tabernanthe Baill. (1888)
Genus Tacazzea Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Tassadia Decaisne, in A.DC. (1844)
Genus Tavaresia Welw.
Genus Telminostelma E.P.N. Fourn., in Mart. (1885)
Genus Temnadenia Miers (1878)
Genus Tenaris E.H.F. Meyer (1838)
Genus Tetraphysa Schlechter (1906)
Genus Thenardia Kunth, in Humb. et al. (1819)
Genus Thoreauea J. K. Williams
Genus Thyrsanthella Pichon (1948)
Genus Tintinnabularia Woodson (1936)
Genus Tonduzia Pittier (1908)
Genus Trachycalymma Bullock (1953)
Genus Trichocaulon N.E.Br. (1878)
Genus Trichosacme Zucc. (1846)
Genus Tridentea Haw. (1812)
Genus Triodoglossum Bullock (1962)
Genus Triplosperma G.Don
Genus Tromotriche Haw. (1812)
Genus Tweedia Hook. & Arnott (1834)
Genus Tylophoropsis N.E.Br. (1894)
Genus Vahadenia Stapf, in Thiselton-Dyer (1902)
Genus Vailia Rusby (1898)
Genus Vallariopsis R.E. Woodson (1936)
Genus Vallaris N.L. Burman (1768)
Genus Vallesia Ruiz & Pav. (1794)
Genus Widgrenia Malme (1900)
Genus Xysmalobium R.Br. (1810)
Genus Zosima Phil. (1870), nom. illeg.
1 Subfamily Rauvolfioideae M. E. Endress & Bruyns
2 Subfamily Apocynoideaeᵀ Burnett
3.1 Subfamily Periplocoideae Endl.
3.2.1 Subfamily Secamonoideae Endl.
3.2.2 Subfamily Asclepiadoideae Burnett