Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
"neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 2000
podiates Cavalier-Smith 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [nom. cl. nov.]
Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 [nom. cl. nov.]
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002 [nom. cl. nov.]
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
[crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Osteolepidimorpha
Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930
Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
Amniota Haeckel, 1866 - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin 1991]
Neodiapsida Benton 1985 [Laurin 1991] {Reisz, Modesto & Scott 2011}
[crown] Sauria McCartney 1802 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Archosauromorpha Huene 1946 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] {Laurin 1991}
Archosauria Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 1985]
Avesuchia Benton, 1999
Avemetatarsalia Benton 1999
Ornithodira Gauthier 1986
Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985
Dinosauriformes Novas 1992
Dinosauria Owen 1841
Saurischia Seeley 1887 [Gauthier 1986]
Theropoda Marsh 1881 [Gauthier 1986], nom. cl. inval.
Neotheropoda Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]
Averostra Paul 2002 [Paul 2002]
Tetanurae Gauthier 1986 [Gauthier 1986]
Orionides Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012 [Carrano et al. 2012]
Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]
Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]
Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1999 [nom. cl. nov.], nom. cl. inval.
Maniraptoriformes Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]
Maniraptora Gauthier 1986 [Gauthier 1986]
Pennaraptora Foth et al. 2014 [Foth et al. 2014]
Paraves Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]
Avialae Gauthier 1986 [Gauthier 1986]
Subclass Aves Linnaeus, 1758
Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001]
Ornithothoraces Chiappe 1995 [Chiappe 1995]
Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 2001 [Chiappe 2001]
Ornithurae Haeckel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] {Chiappe 1991}
Carinatae Merrem 1813 [Gauthier & de Queiroz 2001]
[crown] Neornithes Gadow, 1893 - living birds
Cohort Neognathae Pycraft, 1900
Subcohort Neoaves Sibley et al., 1988
Division Terrestrornithes B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Subdivision Dendrornithes Verheyen, 1961
Section Anomalogonates Garrod, 1874
Subsection Pico-clamatores B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007
Superorder Passerimorphae Sibley et al., 1988
Order Piciformes Meyer & Wolf, 1810 - scansorial birds
Suborder Piciᵀ Meyer & Wolf, 1810 - picarian birds
Superfamily Picoideaᵀ Vigors, 1825
Family Picidaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - woodpeckers
Subfamily Picinaeᵀ Vigors, 1825 - true woodpeckers
Genus Melanerpes Swainson, 1832
01 Melanerpes candidus (Otto, 1796) - white woodpecker
02 Melanerpes lewis (G.R. Gray, 1849) - Lewis's woodpecker
03 Melanerpes herminieri (Lesson, 1830) - Guadeloupe woodpecker
04 Melanerpes portoricensis (Daudin, 1803) - Puerto Rican woodpecker
05 Melanerpes erythrocephalus (C. Linnaeus, 1758) - red-headed woodpecker
06 Melanerpes formicivorus (Swainson, 1827) - acorn woodpecker
07 Melanerpes cruentatus (Boddaert, 1783) - yellow-tufted woodpecker
08 Melanerpes flavifrons (Vieillot, 1818) - yellow-fronted woodpecker
09 Melanerpes chrysauchen Salvin, 1870 - golden-naped woodpecker
10 Melanerpes pucherani (Malherbe, 1849) - black-cheeked woodpecker
11 Melanerpes cactorum (d'Orbigny, 1840) - white-fronted woodpecker
12 Melanerpes striatus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) - Hispaniolan woodpecker
13 Melanerpes radiolatus (Wagler, 1827) - Jamaican woodpecker
14 Melanerpes chrysogenys (Vigors, 1839) - golden-cheeked woodpecker
15 Melanerpes hypopolius (Wagler, 1829) - grey-breasted woodpecker
16 Melanerpes pygmaeus (Ridgway, 1885) - Yucatan woodpecker
17 Melanerpes rubricapillus (Cabanis, 1862) - red-crowned woodpecker
18 Melanerpes uropygialis (S.F. Baird, 1854) - Gila woodpecker
19 Melanerpes hoffmannii (Cabanis, 1862) - Hoffmann's woodpecker
20 Melanerpes aurifrons (Wagler, 1829) - golden-fronted woodpecker
21 Melanerpes carolinus (C. Linnaeus, 1758) - red-bellied woodpecker
22 Melanerpes superciliaris (Temminck, 1827) - West Indian woodpecker