Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata

Phylogeny

Paraphyletic/Ancestral (para)

Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: [16].

Current position

Gnathostomata (Infraphylum) Gegenbaur, 1874

Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434.

Alternative positions

Gnathostomata (Superclass) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 239.
Pisces ([unranked])	Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 360.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 621).

Historical positions

Pisces ([unranked])	Ref: W.N. Eschmeyer, 2004-2016: 24 Jan 2006. [invalid/synonym] [indirect]
Gnathostomata (Infraphylum) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 434.
Gnathostomata (Infraphylum) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 391, fig. 3.12.
Chordata ([unranked]) Bateson, 1885	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 305.
Pisces ([unranked])	Ref: N. Bailly et al., 2001: 360.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: R.C. Brusca & G.J. Brusca, 1990
Teleostomi ([unranked])	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 601; fig. 1.3.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: App. 1 (p. 621).
Gnathostomata (Superclass) Gegenbaur, 1874	Ref: R.C. van Caenegem et al., 1980: 307.
Vertebrata (Subphylum) Cuvier, 1812	Ref: R.A. Fritzsche, 1982: 858.
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 239.
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979: 327, [664]-689.
Pisces (Superclass) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: B. Grzimek, 1973-1975

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	†2o
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[46o;467f;4669g;28,052s;544ss;3v]
1988	R.L. Carroll: 612	[40o;399f; †23o;133f]
1982	R.A. Fritzsche: 858	2sc;[35o];420[424]f;>3850g;18,150s
1979	T.I. Storer et al.	~30,000s
1973-1975	B. Grzimek	2sc