Entity:

Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia - (Order) Passeriformes - (Family) Passeridae

Included, by definition, in node-based clade

*Archosauria* (Clade) Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 1985], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 193 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Archosauria* (Clade) Cope 1869 [Gauthier & Padian 1985], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: tables.php [8 Mar 2016].
*Averostra* (Clade) Paul 2002		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 61) (Allain et al., 2012).
*Avetheropoda* (Clade) Paul 1988 [Padian et al. 1999]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 61) (modified from Holtz et al., 2004).
*Dinosauria* (Clade) Owen 1841 [Padian & May 1993], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 210 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Dinosauria* (Clade) Owen 1841 [Padian & May 1993], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: tables.php [8 Mar 2016].
*Dinosauriformes* (Clade) Novas 1992, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 208 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Dinosauriformes* (Clade) Novas 1992, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: tables.php [8 Mar 2016].
*Maniraptoriformes* (Clade) Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]		Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: 22.
*Maniraptoriformes* (Clade) Holtz 1995 [Holtz 1996]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (Maryanska et al., 2002).
*Neotheropoda* (Clade) Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 213 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Neotheropoda* (Clade) Bakker 1986 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 68) (Sereno, 2005).
*Orionides* (Clade) Carrano, Benson & Sampson 2012		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 69) (modified from Carrano et al., 2012).
*Ornithes* (Clade) Martyniuk 2012, nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 177.
*Ornithodira* (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 206.
*Pennaraptora* (Clade) Foth et al. 2014		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 70) (Foth et al., 2014).
*Pennaraptora* (Clade) Foth et al. 2014		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 70) (Foth et al., 2014).
*Tyrannoraptora* (Clade) Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. et al., 2004: 107.
*Tyrannoraptora* (Clade) Sereno 1999, nom. cl. inval.		Ref: Sereno, 1999a.

Included, by definition, in branch-based clade

*Avemetatarsalia* (Clade) Benton 1999		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: tables.php [8 Mar 2016].
*Avialae* (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 61) (Maryanska et al., 2002).
*Coelurosauria* (Clade) Huene 1914 [Gauthier 1986]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 64) (Sereno, 2005).
*Dinosauromorpha* (Clade) Benton 1985 [Sereno 1991], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 207 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Dinosauromorpha* (Clade) Benton 1985 [Sereno 1991], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: tables.php [8 Mar 2016].
*Maniraptora* (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: 22.
*Maniraptora* (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (Maryanska et al., 2002).
*Paraves* (Clade) Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: T.R. Holtz Jr. & H. Osmólska, 2004: 22.
*Paraves* (Clade) Sereno 1997 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 70) (Holtz & Osmólska, 2004).
*Saurischia* (Clade) Seeley 1887 [Gauthier 1986], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 211 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Saurischia* (Clade) Seeley 1887 [Gauthier 1986], nom. cl. inval.		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: taxon_edit.php [23 Mar 2016].
*Tetanurae* (Clade) Gauthier 1986		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 71) (Allain et al., 2012).
*Theropoda* (Clade) Marsh 1881 [Gauthier 1986]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 212 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
*Theropoda* (Clade) Marsh 1881 [Gauthier 1986]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 72) (Sereno, 2005).

Excluded, by qualifying clause, from node-based clade

†Deinonychosauria (Clade) Colbert & Russell 1969 [Padian 1997]

Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 64) (modified from Sereno, 2005).

Excluded, by definition, from branch-based clade

†*Allosauridae* (Clade) Marsh 1878 [Padian & Hutchinson 1997]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 60) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Allosauroidea* (Clade) Currie & Zhao 1993 [Padian & Hutchinson 1997]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 60) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Alvarezsauroidea* (Clade) Livezey & Zusi 2007 [Choiniere, Xu, Clark, Forster, Guo & Han 2010]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 61) (modified from Choiniere et al., 2010b).
†*Archaeopterygidae* (Clade) Huxley 1871 [Xu et al. 2011]		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 177 (Xu et al., 2011).
†*Caenagnathiformes* (Clade) Sternberg 1940 [Martyniuk 2012], nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 176.
†*Ceratosauria* (Clade) Marsh 1895 [Rowe & Gauthier 1990]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 63) (Sereno, 2005 sensu Holtz & Padian, 1995).
*Charadriiformes* (Clade) Huxley 1867 [Martyniuk 2012], nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 182.
†*Coelophysoidea* (Clade) Holtz 1994 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 63) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Compsognathidae* (Clade) Cope 1871 [Holtz et al. 2004]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 64) (Holtz et al., 2004).
†*Compsognathidae* (Clade) Cope 1871 [Holtz et al. 2004]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 64) (Holtz et al., 2004).
†*Confuciusornithiformes* (Clade) Hou, Zhou, Gu & Zhang 1995 [Martyniuk 2012], nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 179.
†*Dilophosauridae* (Clade) Charig & Milner 1990 [Hendrickx, Hartman & Mateus 2015]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 65).
†*Dromaeosauridae* (Clade) Ostrom 1969 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 65) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Dromaeosaurinae* (Clade) Matthew & Brown 1922 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 65) (Sereno, 2005).
*Gaviiformes* (Clade) Wetmore & Miller 1926 [Martyniuk 2012], nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 182.
†*Herrerasauridae* (Clade) Benedetto 1973 [Novas 1992]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Jinfengopteryginae* (Clade) Turner et al. 2012		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (Turner et al., 2012).
†*Jinfengopteryginae* (Clade) Turner et al. 2012		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (modified from Turner et al., 2012).
†*Lagerpetidae* (Clade) Arcucci 1986 [Nesbitt, Irmis, Parker, Smith, Turner & Rowe 2009]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt et al., 2009: 499.
†*Megalosauria* (Clade) Bonaparte 1850 [Allain et al. 2012]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (Allain et al., 2012).
†*Megalosauridae* (Clade) Bonaparte 1850 [Allain 2002]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 66) (Holtz et al., 2004).
†*Megalosauroidea* (Clade) Walker 1964 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 67) (modified from Holtz et al., 2004).
†*Megaraptoridae* (Clade) Novas et al. 2013		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 67) (Novas et al., 2013).
†*Megaraptoridae* (Clade) Novas et al. 2013		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 67) (modified from Novas et al., 2013).
†*Metriacanthosauridae* (Clade) Carrano et al. 2012 [Padian & Hutchinson 1997]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 67) (modified from Sereno, 2005).
†*Microraptorinae* (Clade) Senter et al. 2004 [Sereno 2005]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: taxon_edit.php [7 Oct 2007].
†*Microraptorinae* (Clade) Senter et al. 2004 [Sereno 2005]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 68) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Ornithischia* (Clade) Seeley 1887 [Padian & May 1993]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 210 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
†*Ornithodesmidae* (Clade) Hooley 1913 [Martyniuk 2012], nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 177.
†*Ornithomimosauria* (Clade) Barsbold 1976 [Osmólska 1997]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 69) (Lee et al., 2014).
†*Ornithosuchidae* (Clade) Huene 1907-1908 [Sereno 1991]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 194.
†*Oviraptorosauria* (Clade) Barsbold 1976 [Barsbold 1997]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 69) (Maryanska et al., 2002).
†*Proterochampsia* (Clade) Bonaparte 1971 [Kischlat 2002]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 191.
*Pseudosuchia* (Clade) Zittel 1887-1890 [Gauthier & Padian 1985]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 194 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
†*Pterosauromorpha* (Clade) Kuhn-Schnyder & Rieber 1984 [Padian 1997]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 207 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
†*Pterosauromorpha* (Clade) Kuhn-Schnyder & Rieber 1984 [Padian 1997]		Ref: P.C. Sereno, 2005: tables.php [8 Mar 2016].
†*Sauropodomorpha* (Clade) Huene 1932 [Salgado et al. 1997]		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 214 (sensu Sereno, 2005).
†*Saurornithes* (Clade) Nicholson 1878 [Martyniuk 2012], nom. ined.		Ref: M.P. Martyniuk, 2012: 177.
†*Silesauridae* (Clade) Langer et al. 2010		Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 209 (Nesbitt et al., 2010).
†*Spinosauridae* (Clade) Stromer 1915 [Sereno 1998]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 71) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Troodontidae* (Clade) Gilmore 1924 [Varricchio 1997]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 72) (Sereno, 2005).
†*Unenlagiinae* (Clade) Bonaparte 1999 [Makovicky et al. 2005]		Ref: C. Hendrickx et al., 2015: table (p. 73) (Sereno, 2005).

Current position

Passer (Genus) Brisson, 1760

Ref: E.C. Dickinson, 2003: 716.

Historical positions

*Passer* (Genus) Brisson, 1760	Ref: S.J. Nesbitt, 2011: 213, fig. 6.
*Passer* (Genus) Brisson, 1760	Ref: E.C. Dickinson, 2003: 716.
*Passer* (Genus) Brisson, 1760	Ref: B.L. Monroe Jr. & C.G. Sibley, 1993: 288.
*Passer* (Genus) Brisson, 1760	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 1012.
*Passer* (Genus) Brisson, 1760	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1974 (1970): 651.

Number of Subtaxa

2024

Available in Systema Naturae 2000

3ss