Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Mammalia

Original position

Questionably Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872

Original entries

Questionably †Protosirenidae (Family) Sickenberg, 1934

Current position

Paenungulata (Grandorder) Simpson, 1945

Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 444; Avilla & Mothé, 2021: fig. 2. [implicit]

Alternative positions

Afrotheria (Superorder) Stanhope, Waddell, Madsen, de Jong, Hedges, Cleven, Kao & Springer, 1998	Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26).
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 646.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: D.E. Wilson, 1993: 365.
Paenungulata (Superorder) Simpson, 1945	Ref: G.G. Simpson, 1945
Paenungulata (Clade) Simpson, 1945	Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: fig. 2.
Placentalia (Infraclass) Owen, 1837	Ref: D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2011: 57.
Tethytheria (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 444.
Tethytheria (Superorder) McKenna, 1975
Theria (Subclass) Parker & Haswell, 1897	Ref: J. Shoshani, 2005: 92. [implicit]
Ungulata (Subclass) (Linnaeus, 1766)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 454.

Historical positions

Afrotheria (Superorder) Stanhope, Waddell, Madsen, de Jong, Hedges, Cleven, Kao & Springer, 1998	Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26).
Tethytheria (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 444.
Placentalia (Infraclass) Owen, 1837	Ref: D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2011: 57.
Paenungulata (Clade) Simpson, 1945	Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: 9929, fig. 2.
Theria (Subclass) Parker & Haswell, 1897	Ref: J. Shoshani, 2005: 92. [implicit]
Tethytheria (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 400, box 10.6.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 323.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 2000
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: D.E. Wilson, 1993: 365; 6.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill, 1991: 122.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: R.M. Nowak, 1991
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 646.
Tethytheria (Mirorder) McKenna, 1975	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: table A-1 (p. 629) (Novacek, 1986). [by reference]
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986: 626.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: A.F. DeBlase, 1982: 1056.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Paenungulata (Superorder) Simpson, 1945	Ref: R. Altevogt et al., 1973 (1972): 701.
Paenungulata (Superorder) Simpson, 1945	Ref: G.G. Simpson, 1945
Ungulata (Subclass) (Linnaeus, 1766)	Ref: E.R. Lankester, 1877: 454.

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	2f;2g;4s; ‡1g;1s; †1f;31g;16s;4ss
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[2f;2g;4s; ‡1g;1s; †1f;31g]
2011	D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder: 57	2f
2005	J. Shoshani	[2f;2g;4s; ‡1g;1s]
1993	D.E. Wilson	[2f];3[2]g;5[4]s; ‡[1g;1s]
1991	G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill	[2f;2g];5[4]s; ‡[1g;1s]
1988	R.L. Carroll: 646	[2f; †2f]
1982	A.F. DeBlase	2f;[2g;4s; ‡1g;1s]
1979	T.I. Storer et al.	2f3g