Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Mammalia

Phylogeny

Crown clade

Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 101: "Node-based crown clade").

Subsequent positions

Colbertia (Clade) O'Leary, Bloch, Flynn, Gaudin, Giallombardo, Giannini, Goldberg, Kraatz, Luo, Meng, Ni, Novacek, Perini, Randall, Rougier, Sargis, Silcox, Simmons, Spaulding, Velazco, Weksler, Wible & Cirranello 2013

Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 101). [implicit]

Subsequent entries

Pan-Tethytheria (Clade) O'Leary, Bloch, Flynn, Gaudin, Giallombardo, Giannini, Goldberg, Kraatz, Luo, Meng, Ni, Novacek, Perini, Randall, Rougier, Sargis, Silcox, Simmons, Spaulding, Velazco, Weksler, Wible & Cirranello 2013

Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 101). [implicit]

Current position

Afrotheria (Clade) Stanhope, Waddell, Madsen, de Jong, Hedges, Cleven, Kao & Springer 1998

Ref: R.J. Asher, 2018: table 7.1 (p. 306).

Alternative positions

Pan-Paenungulata (Clade)

Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 101). [inferred]

Historical positions

Pan-Paenungulata (Clade)	Ref: M.A. O'Leary et al., 2013: table S4 (p. 101). [inferred]
Afrotheria (Clade) Stanhope, Waddell, Madsen, de Jong, Hedges, Cleven, Kao & Springer 1998	Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: fig. 2.

Number of Subtaxa

1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[3o]
2006	H. Nishihara et al.: fig. 2	[3o]