Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia

Original position

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758

Original entries

Eucycliophora (Class) Funch & Kristensen, 1995

Current position

Lophotrochozoa (Clade) Halanych, Bacheller, Aguinaldo, Liva, Hillis & Lake 1995

Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2020: 347.

Alternative positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 8; CoL(17 Aug 2023).
Gnathifera (Superphylum) Ahlrichs, 1995	Ref: G. Giribet et al., 2000: 553. [implicit]
Gnathifera ([unranked]) Ahlrichs, 1995	Ref: G. Giribet et al., 2000: 551.
Platytrochozoa (Clade) Struck, Wey-Fabrizius, Golombek, Hering, Weigert, Bleidorn, Klebow, Iakovenko, Hausdorf, Petersen, Kück, Herlyn & Hankeln 2014	Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2020: fig. 2.2; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2020: fig. 2.2.
Platyzoa ([unranked]) Ax, 1987	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172. [inferred rank]
Polyzoa ([unranked])	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
Spiralia (Superphylum) Schleip, 1929	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 44).
Spiralia ([unranked]) Schleip, 1929	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 120.

Historical positions

Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: T. Rees et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 131).
Spiralia (Superphylum) Schleip, 1929	Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 44).
Polyzoa ([unranked])	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: fig. 1.6 (G. Edgecombe). [out of scope (coherent)]
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2013: 8.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: Z.-Q. Zhang, 2011: 10.
Spiralia ([unranked]) Schleip, 1929	Ref: E.J. van Nieukerken, 2010: 120.
Platyzoa ([unranked]) Ax, 1987	Ref: K.J. Peterson & D.J. Eernisse, 2001: 172, [176]; 204.
organisms ([unranked])	Ref: C.S. Emblow, 2001: 177.
Gnathifera ([unranked]) Ahlrichs, 1995	Ref: G. Giribet et al., 2000: 542, 551, fig. 4; tab. 1.
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1998
Animalia (Kingdom) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	1c;1o;1f;1g;1s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000	[1c;1o;1f];1g;1s
2020	T. Rees et al.: table 2 (p. 131)	1[n]g; †0g
2013	Z.-Q. Zhang: 8	2s; †0s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 10	2s
2011	Z.-Q. Zhang: 10	2s