Natura - nature
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1748: 210
actualia - actual entities
Ref: A. Voltolini, 2006: 44 (note 19) [assumed position]
Mundus Plinius - physical world
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 5 [indirect position]; 24 Apr 2014.
naturalia - natural bodies
Ref: C. Linnaeus, 1758: 6 [implicit position]
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Ref: J. Wiemann et al., 2020: [13] [validation] [inferred position]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2002b: 297 [inferred position]
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Ref: P.M. Kirk et al., 2008: 248 [indirect position]; 19 Sep 2015.
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon] [implicit position]
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11 [new taxon]
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021) (alt.): table 2 (p. 564), fig. 11
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Ref: A.G.B. Simpson et al., 2020: [97] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Ref: Brown, 2013: 7 [new taxon] [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2021: fig. 11.
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Ref: A.G.B. Simpson & M. Medina, 2020: [103] [validation] [indirect position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Ref: L. Tedersoo et al., 2018: 154 [implicit position]; Cavalier-Smith, 2022(2021): fig. 11.
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [inferred position]; 19 Jan 2016.
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Ref: T. Cavalier-Smith, 2013(2012): 156 [implicit position]
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1a) [inferred position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 36) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1a.
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Ref: G. Giribet & G.D. Edgecombe, 2019: 168 (fig. 1b) [implicit position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48) [indirect position]; Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48); Giribet & Edgecombe, 2019: fig. 1b.
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Ref: M.A. Ruggiero et al., 2015b: table 2 (p. 48)
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 30 [implicit position]
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 16
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 82
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 86
[Clade] Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 17 [inferred rank]
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 462 [implicit position]
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 465
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Ref: J.S. Nelson, 2006: 466
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: D.R. Frost et al., 2006: fig. 51 [out of scope] [indirect position]
[crown] [Clade] Neotetrapoda
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 436 [inferred rank] [implicit position]
[Clade] Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank] [implicit position]
Batrachosauria
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 4.5 [implicit position]
[crown] [Clade] Amniota Haeckel, 1866 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988] - amniotes
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 437 [inferred rank]
Clade Synapsida Osborn 1903 [Gauthier et al. 1989]
Ref: R.V. Hill, 2005: fig. 5
Clade Therapsida Broom, 1905
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: fig. 2
Clade Theriodontia
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 5.3 [implicit position]
Clade Eutheriodontia
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: fig. 2 [indirect position]
Clade Cynodontia Owen 1861 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: fig. 2
Clade Epicynodontia Hopson & Kitching 2001
Ref: J.A. Hopson & J.W. Kitching, 2001: 6 [new taxon]
Clade Eucynodontia Kemp 1982 [Rowe 1993]
Ref: J.A. Hopson & J.W. Kitching, 2001: 6 [new position]
[Clade] Probainognathia Hopson, 1990
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [inferred rank]
[Clade] Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 438 [inferred rank] [implicit position]
Clade Mammaliaformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Ref: T. Rowe, 1988: 250 [new taxon]
Clade Amphilestheria Gaetano & Rougier 2011
Ref: L.C. Gaetano & G.W. Rougier, 2011: 840; 832 [implicit position]
[Clade] Holotheria Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399 [inferred rank] [indirect position]; Martinelli et al., 2021: fig. 7.
[crown] Class Mammaliaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - mammals
Ref: K.D. Rose, 2006: table 1.2 [indirect position]
Clade Theriimorphaᵀ Rowe 1993
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330) [implicit position]
[Clade] Theriiformesᵀ Rowe 1988
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Huttenlocker et al., 2018: fig. 4.
[Clade] Trechnotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 400 [inferred rank] [implicit position]; Bi et al., 2014: fig. 4.
Clade Cladotheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Ref: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004 (alt.): table 1.1 (p. 14)
Clade Zatheriaᵀ McKenna 1975
Ref: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004 (alt.): table 1.1 (p. 14); Huttenlocker et al., 2018: fig. 4.
Clade Prototribosphenidaᵀ Wible, Rougier, Novacek, McKenna & Dashzeveg 1995
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330) [indirect position]; Martinelli et al., 2021: fig. 7; Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330).
Clade Boreosphenidaᵀ Luo, Cifelli & Kielan-Jaworowska 2001
Ref: Z. Kielan-Jaworowska et al., 2004 (alt.): table 10.1 (p. 379) [inferred position]; Martinelli et al., 2021: fig. 7; Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330).
[crown] Subclass Theriaᵀ Parker & Haswell, 1897
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26) [indirect position]; Benton, 2015: box 10.3 (p. 330).
Infraclass Eutheria Gill, 1872
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 26)
[crown] Cohort Placentalia Owen, 1837 - placentals
Ref: K.D. Rose, 2006: table 1.2; Bi et al., 2018: fig. 4.
[crown] Magnorder Boreoeutheria Springer & de Jong, 2001
Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 401; Upham et al., 2019: fig. 4.
[crown] Superorder Laurasiatheria Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 27); Upham et al., 2019: fig. 4.
[crown] Clade Scrotifera Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999
Ref: R.J. Asher, 2018: table 7.1 (p. 306) [implicit position]; Asher, 2018: fig. 7.1.
[crown] Clade Fereuungulata Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999
Ref: R.J. Asher, 2018: table 7.1 (p. 306); Asher, 2018: fig. 7.1.
[crown] Grandorder Euungulata Waddell, Kishino & Ota, 2001
Ref: G.A. Feldhamer et al., 2020: table 10.1 (p. [226]) [indirect position]
Order Cetartiodactyla Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery, 1997
Ref: Zhou et al., 2012: 155 [implicit position]; Upham et al., 2019: fig. 4.
Suborder Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 27); Upham et al., 2019: Data S3.
Infraorder Pecora Linnaeus, 1758
Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 27)
Superfamily Cervoidea Batsch, 1788
Ref: van der Geer, 2014: 14
Family Cervidaeᵀ Batsch, 1788 - deer
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 425
1 Genus †Cervavitulus Kretzoi, 1951
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 425
2 Genus †Muva Deraniyagala, 1958
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 425
3 Genus †Lucentia Azanza & Montoya, 1995
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 425
4 Subfamily Hydropotinae Trouessart, 1898
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 425
5 Subfamily Muntiacinae Pocock, 1923
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 425
6 Subfamily Cervinaeᵀ Batsch, 1788
Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 427
7 Subfamily Capreolinae Brookes, 1828
Ref: P. Grubb, 2005: 652