Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia

Ancestor

Procellariiformes (Order) Fürbringer, 1888

Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 967.

Subsequent positions

Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813

Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 231. [assumed]

Current position

Procellariimorphae (Superorder) Fürbringer, 1888

Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90.

Alternative positions

Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 321.
Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 231. [new position]
Impennes (Superorder)	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 967.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 627.
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1973 (1968): 571.
unnamed (Infraorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399.

Historical positions

Procellariimorphae (Superorder) Fürbringer, 1888	Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90.
unnamed (Infraorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 399, box 9.4.
Neoaves (Clade) Sibley et al. 1988	Ref: J. Cracraft et al., 2003: 17. [inferred rank]
Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 321.
Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: C.M. Perrins, 1991 (1990): 19, 367.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 627.
Impennes (Superorder)	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 967.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: E. Mayr & G.W. Cottrell, 1979
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1973 (1968): 571.
Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 231. [new position]

Number of Subtaxa

2024	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	1f;6g;18s;10ss; ‡1s; †22g;1s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 5 May 2015	[1f;6g;18s;10ss; †22g]
2007	B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi	[1f]
2003	J. Cracraft et al.	[1f;6g;17s]
1991 (1990)	C.M. Perrins	[1f;6g];17s
1988	R.L. Carroll: 627	[1f]
1982	W.J. Bock	1f;6g;18s
1979	T.I. Storer et al.	17s
1973 (1968)	B. Grzimek et al.	1f6g17(18)s5ss; †17s
1963	P. Brodkorb	[; †21g]