Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Reptilia

Descendants

Sphenisciformes (Order) Sharpe, 1891

Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 967.

Subsequent positions

Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813

Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 241. [assumed]

Current position

Procellariimorphae (Superorder) Fürbringer, 1888

Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90.

Alternative positions

Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 321.
Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 241. [new position]
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 626.
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1973 (1968): 571.
unnamed (Infraorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 9.4.

Historical positions

Procellariimorphae (Superorder) Fürbringer, 1888	Ref: B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi, 2007: 90.
unnamed (Infraorder)	Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: box 9.4.
Neoaves (Clade) Sibley et al. 1988	Ref: J. Cracraft et al., 2003: 17. [inferred rank]
Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: J.J. Sepkoski Jr., 2002: 321.
Tetrapoda (Clade) Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]	Ref: J. van der Land, 2001: 375. [rough position]
Aves (Class) Linnaeus, 1758	Ref: 1995
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: C.M. Perrins, 1991 (1990): 19, 367.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 626.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: W.J. Bock, 1982: 970-971.
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: C. Jouanin & J.-L. Mougin, 1979: 48.
Neognathae (Superorder) Pycraft, 1900	Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Neornithes (Subclass) Gadow, 1893	Ref: B. Grzimek et al., 1973 (1968): 571.
Carinatae (Infraclass) Merrem, 1813	Ref: P. Brodkorb, 1963: 241. [new position]

Number of Subtaxa

2025	Available in Systema Naturae 2000	4f;26g;107s;102ss; ‡8s;1ss; †2f;7g;4s
1989-present	Systema Naturae 2000: 6 May 2015	[4f;26g;107s;102ss]
2007	B.C. Livezey & R.L. Zusi	[4f]
2003	J. Cracraft et al.: 6 May 2015	[4f;26g;107s;99ss; ‡5s;1ss]
1991 (1990)	C.M. Perrins	[4f;24g];111[109]s; ‡[1s]
1988	R.L. Carroll: 626	[4f]
1982	W.J. Bock	4f
1973 (1968)	B. Grzimek et al.	4f22g92s
1963	P. Brodkorb	[; †4g]