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Taxon: Order Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779 - bats (mammal)
 Entity: 

Concise hierarchy

(Kingdom) Animalia - (Phylum) Chordata - (Class) Mammalia

Included, by definition, in node-based clade

Scrotifera (Clade) Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999 Ref: P.J. Waddell et al., 1999b: 50.
Variamana (Clade) Springer, Murphy, Eizirik, Madsen, Scally, Douady, Teeling, Stanhope, de Jong & O'Brien 2007 Ref: M.S. Springer et al., 2007: table 5 (p. 21 note 4).

Subsequent positions

Archonta (Grandorder) Gregory, 1910
Pegasoferae (Clade) Nishihara, Hasegawa & Okada 2006 Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: 9933.

Original entries

Questionably Megachiroptera (Suborder) Dobson, 1875
Questionably Microchiroptera (Suborder) Dobson, 1875

Current position

Scrotifera (Clade) Waddell, Cao, Hauf & Hasegawa 1999 Ref: X. Zhou et al., 2012: 161

Alternative positions

Archonta (Superorder) Gregory, 1910
Archonta (Grandorder) Gregory, 1910 Ref: L.L. Mai et al., 2005: App. 1 (p. 573).
Eutheria (Subclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt et al., 1974: 574.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 631.
Insectiphillia ([unranked]) Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: 9929. [excluded]
Laurasiatheria (Grandorder) Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 401.
Laurasiatheria (Superorder) Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999 Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 27).
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: K.F. Koopman, 1993: 137.
Pegasoferae (Clade) Nishihara, Hasegawa & Okada 2006 Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: fig. 2. [new position]
Pegasoferae (Superorder) Nishihara, Hasegawa & Okada, 2006 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 445.
Placentalia (Infraclass) Owen, 1837 Ref: D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2011: 58.
Unguiculata (Cohort) Linnaeus, 1766 Ref: G.G. Simpson, 1945
Volitantia (Superorder) Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: table A-1 (p. 629) (Novacek, 1986). [by reference]

Historical positions

Laurasiatheria (Superorder) Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999 Ref: C.J. Burgin et al., 2020: table 2 (p. 27).
Pegasoferae (Superorder) Nishihara, Hasegawa & Okada, 2006 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2015: 445.
Placentalia (Infraclass) Owen, 1837 Ref: D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder, 2011: 58.
Pegasoferae (Clade) Nishihara, Hasegawa & Okada 2006 Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: 9929, 9931, 9933, fig. 2. [new position]
Insectiphillia ([unranked]) Ref: H. Nishihara et al., 2006: 9929. [excluded]
Theria (Subclass) Parker & Haswell, 1897 Ref: N.B. Simmons, 2005: 312-313. [implicit]
Laurasiatheria (Grandorder) Waddell, Okada & Hasegawa, 1999 Ref: M.J. Benton, 2005: 401, box 10.6.
Archonta (Grandorder) Gregory, 1910 Ref: L.L. Mai et al., 2005: 573.
Archonta (Grandorder) Gregory, 1910 Ref: M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell, 1997: 295.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: 1995
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: K.F. Koopman, 1993: 137; 5.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill, 1991: 40.
Mammalia (Class) Linnaeus, 1758 Ref: R.M. Nowak, 1991
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: 631.
Volitantia (Superorder) Ref: R.L. Carroll, 1988: table A-1 (p. 629) (Novacek, 1986). [by reference]
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: A.S. Romer & T.S. Parsons, 1986
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: A.F. DeBlase, 1982: 1025-1026.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: L. Margulis & K.V. Schwartz, 1982: 240.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: T.I. Storer et al., 1979
Eutheria (Subclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt et al., 1974: 574.
Eutheria (Infraclass) Gill, 1872 Ref: L.B. Halstead, 1974: 172.
Unguiculata (Cohort) Linnaeus, 1766 Ref: G.G. Simpson, 1945

Number of Subtaxa

2024 Available in Systema Naturae 2000 21f;197g;1054s;1216ss; ‡13s;1ss; †9f;63g;47s;1ss
1989-present Systema Naturae 2000: 6 Oct 2014 [18f;204g;1135s;1305ss; †4f;57g]
2020 C.J. Burgin et al.: table 2 (p. 27) [21f]
2011 D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder: 58 18f
2005 N.B. Simmons: 529 [18f;202g;1103s;1305ss; ‡13s;1ss; †1ss]
1997 M.C. McKenna & S.K. Bell [17f;178g; †4f;41g]
1993 K.F. Koopman [17f];177g;925[918]s; ‡[8s]
1991 G.B. Corbet & J.E. Hill [18f;188g];~977[971]s; ‡[6s]
1988 R.L. Carroll: 632 [9f; †2f]
1982 A.F. DeBlase 2so;[17f]
1979 T.I. Storer et al. 2so16f
©2004-2024 Universal Taxonomic Services
Last updated: 1 Feb 2024